KOMPONEN FRAUD HEXAGON THEORY PADA INDIKASI KECURANGAN LAPORAN KEUANGAN PERUSAHAAN

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh elemen fraud hexagon terhadap indikasi kecurangan laporan keuangan pada perusahaan sektor properti dan real estate yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) selama periode 2021–2023. Variabel yang dianalisis mencakup financial stability, external pressure, nature of industry, change in auditor, change of director, frequent number of CEO picture, dan political connection. Indikasi kecurangan laporan keuangan diukur menggunakan model F-Score dari Dechow et al. (2011). Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan analisis regresi data panel dan teknik purposive sampling. Sampel terdiri dari 83 perusahaan dengan total 230 observasi. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan perangkat lunak STATA MP17. Hasil uji Chow dan Lagrange Multiplier menunjukkan bahwa model yang paling tepat adalah Common Effect Model (CEM). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa financial stability dan frequent number of CEO picture berpengaruh positif pada indikasi kecurangan laporan keuangan, sedangkan change of director berpengaruh negatif. Variabel lainnya tidak menunjukkan pengaruh signifikan. Temuan ini memperkuat peran tekanan internal dan karakteristik manajemen dalam memicu fraud, serta menunjukkan keterbatasan beberapa elemen fraud hexagon dalam konteks industri tertentu. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi teoretis terhadap pengujian model fraud hexagon dan implikasi praktis bagi regulator, manajemen, auditor, dan investor dalam meningkatkan kewaspadaan dan deteksi dini terhadap kecurangan laporan keuangan.

This study aims to examine the influence of fraud hexagon elements on the indication of financial statement fraud in property and real estate sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the period of 2021–2023. The variables analysed include financial stability, external pressure, nature of industry, change in auditor, change of director, frequent number of CEO pictures, and political connection. The indication of financial statement fraud is measured using the F-Score model developed by Dechow et al. (2011). This research employs a quantitative approach using panel data regression analysis and purposive sampling technique. The sample consists of 83 companies with a total of 230 observations. The data analysis was conducted using STATA MP17 software. Chow test and Lagrange Multiplier test results indicate that the most appropriate model is the Common Effect Model (CEM). The findings reveal that financial stability and frequent number of CEO pictures have a positive effect on financial statement fraud indications, while change of director has a negative effect. Other variables do not show significant effects. These findings reinforce the role of internal pressure and managerial characteristics in triggering fraud, and highlight the limitations of certain fraud hexagon elements in specific industry contexts. This study contributes theoretically to the testing of the fraud hexagon model and provides practical implications for regulators, management, auditors, and investors in enhancing awareness and early detection of financial statement fraud.