ANALISIS DAYA SAING EKSPOR TEH INDONESIA KE TIGA NEGARA EROPA

Abstract

Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara pengekspor teh dunia, namun kinerja ekspornya ke pasar Eropa cenderung menurun akibat persaingan dengan negara eksportir utama seperti Kenya, Sri Lanka, India, dan China, serta meningkatnya tuntutan standar keamanan pangan, dan keberlanjutan lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis daya saing, posisi daya saing, dan potensi pengembangan ekspor teh Indonesia di pasar Jerman, Belanda, dan Inggris selama tahun 2005–2024 menggunakan metode Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Export Product Dynamics (EPD), dan X-Model Potential Export Products. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa teh Indonesia masih memiliki keunggulan komparatif di Jerman, sedangkan di Belanda dan Inggris keunggulan tersebut melemah hingga berada di bawah satu pada akhir periode pengamatan. Analisis EPD menempatkan teh Indonesia pada posisi rising star ke tiga negara tujuan, sedangkan hasil X-Model mengategorikan Jerman sebagai pasar optimis, sementara Belanda dan Inggris bergeser dari kategori optimis menjadi potensial. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa peluang pengembangan ekspor teh Indonesia di pasar Eropa masih terbuka, namun memerlukan peningkatan produktivitas, kualitas, dan efisiensi agar mampu memperkuat daya saing dan memenuhi standar pasar Eropa yang semakin ketat.

Indonesia is one of the world’s leading tea exporters, but its export performance to European markets has been on a downward trend due to competition from major exporting countries such as Kenya, Sri Lanka, India, and China, as well as increasing demands for food safety standards and environmental sustainability. This study aims to analyze the competitiveness, competitive position, and export development potential of Indonesian tea in the German, Dutch, and British markets from 2005 to 2024 using the Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Export Product Dynamics (EPD), and X-Model Potential Export Products methods. The results show that Indonesian tea still holds a comparative advantage in Germany, whereas in the Netherlands and the United Kingdom, this advantage weakened to below one by the end of the observation period. The EPD analysis classifies Indonesian tea as a “rising star” in all three destination countries, while the X-Model results categorize Germany as an “optimistic” market, with the Netherlands and the United Kingdom shifting from the “optimistic” to the “potential” category. These findings indicate that opportunities for expanding Indonesian tea exports to European markets remain open, but require improvements in productivity, quality, and efficiency to strengthen competitiveness and meet increasingly stringent European market standards.