EASE OF DOING BUSINESS DAN INSTRUMEN MONETER SEBAGAI DETERMINAN FDI DI ASEAN-5 DAN ASIA TIMUR

Abstrak

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) berperan penting dalam mempercepat pertumbuhan ekonomi, terutama di negara berkembang yang bergantung pada modal eksternal untuk mendukung industrialisasi dan penciptaan lapangan kerja. Dalam konteks globalisasi yang semakin dinamis, negara-negara di kawasan ASEAN-5 dan Asia Timur menghadapi persaingan ketat dalam menarik FDI. Kebijakan fiskal maupun moneter yang efektif dalam meningkatkan daya tarik investasi menjadi penting untuk dikaji. Penelitian ini berfokus pada variabel-variabel Ease of Doing Business (seperti Starting Business, getting credit, Paying Taxes, Trading Across Border) dan instrumen moneter (inflasi, suku bunga, nilai tukar, JUB) mempengaruhi  FDI di ASEAN-5 plus 4 negara Asia Timur (Singapura, Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, Filipina, China, Jepang, Korea Selatan dan Hongkong). Dalam penelitian ini diaplikasikan metode regresi data panel untuk menganalisis variabel mana yang paling signifikan dalam meningkatkan FDI. Hasil penelitian menemukan variabel Starting Business, Paying Taxes, Inflasi dan Nilai Tukar berpengaruh terhadap arus masuk FDI. Penelitian diharapkan dapat memberikan panduan kebijakan dalam memperbaiki regulasi bisnis dan stabilitas moneter untuk menarik investasi lebih besar.

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) plays a crucial role in accelerating economic growth, particularly in developing countries that rely on external capital to support industrialization and job creation. In the increasingly dynamic context of globalization, countries in the ASEAN-5 and East Asia regions face intense competition in attracting FDI. Effective fiscal and monetary policies aimed at enhancing investment attractiveness are therefore essential to examine. This study focuses on how Ease of Doing Business variables (such as Starting a Business, Getting Credit, Paying Taxes, and Trading Across Borders) and monetary instruments (inflation, interest rates, exchange rates, and money supply) influence FDI in the ASEAN-5 plus four East Asian countries (Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, the Philippines, China, Japan, South Korea, and Hong Kong). A panel data regression method is applied to identify which variables have the most significant impact on increasing FDI inflows. The findings reveal that Starting a Business, Paying Taxes, Inflation, and Exchange Rates significantly affect FDI inflows. This study is expected to provide policy guidance for improving business regulations and ensuring monetary stability to attract greater investment.