Penghapusan Presidential Threshold dalam Perspektif Negara Hukum Demokratis

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the Constitutional Court’s interpretation of Article 6A of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia and its implications for the presidential system and constitutional democracy in Indonesia following Constitutional Court Decision Number 62/PUU-XXII/2024, which abolished the presidential threshold. This research employs a normative legal research method using statutory, conceptual, and analytical approaches. Legal materials were collected through library research encompassing legislation, Constitutional Court decisions, and legal doctrines, and were subsequently analyzed using descriptive-analytical methods to develop systematic legal arguments. The findings demonstrate that the Constitutional Court reaffirmed the constitutional right of all political parties participating in general elections to nominate presidential and vice-presidential candidates without any nomination threshold, while declaring that the presidential threshold is inconsistent with the principles of popular sovereignty, electoral justice, and constitutionality. The study further reveals that the previous implementation of the presidential threshold created constitutional distortions, including the phenomenon of a double threshold, restricted political competition, and the potential for democratic backsliding. Therefore, the future legal framework within a democratic rule of law should eliminate the presidential threshold while maintaining the parliamentary threshold to preserve a balance between open political competition and the stability of the party system. These findings underscore the Constitutional Court’s pivotal role in shaping constitutional norms, strengthening an inclusive and just democracy founded on constitutional supremacy, and ensuring the sustained protection of the political rights of all participants in general elections.

Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis penafsiran Mahkamah Konstitusi terhadap Pasal 6A Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945 serta implikasinya terhadap sistem presidensial dan demokrasi konstitusional di Indonesia pasca Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 62/PUU-XXII/2024 yang menghapus presidential threshold. Penelitian menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan analitis. Bahan hukum diperoleh melalui studi kepustakaan terhadap peraturan perundang-undangan, putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi, dan doktrin hukum, kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif-analitis untuk menghasilkan argumentasi hukum yang sistematis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Mahkamah Konstitusi menegaskan hak konstitusional seluruh partai politik peserta pemilu untuk mengusulkan pasangan calon Presiden dan Wakil Presiden tanpa pembatasan ambang batas pencalonan, serta menyatakan bahwa presidential threshold bertentangan dengan prinsip kedaulatan rakyat, keadilan elektoral, dan konstitusionalitas. Penelitian ini juga menemukan bahwa keberadaan presidential threshold menimbulkan distorsi sistem ketatanegaraan berupa fenomena double threshold, penyempitan kompetisi politik, serta potensi kemunduran demokrasi. Oleh karena itu, konstruksi hukum dalam perspektif negara hukum demokratis perlu diarahkan pada penghapusan presidential threshold dengan tetap mempertahankan parliamentary threshold guna menjaga keseimbangan antara keterbukaan kompetisi politik dan stabilitas sistem kepartaian. Temuan penelitian menegaskan pentingnya peran Mahkamah Konstitusi dalam membentuk norma konstitusional, memperkuat demokrasi yang inklusif, adil, berlandaskan supremasi konstitusi, serta menjamin perlindungan hak politik seluruh peserta pemilihan umum secara berkelanjutan.