ASSOCIATION OF MMP-9 GENE POLYMORPHISM (RS3918242) WITH BREAST CANCER STAGE (CARCINOMA MAMMAE)

Abstract

Background: Breast cancer ranks as the world’s second most common cause of mortality associated with cancer and remains highly prevalent in Indonesia. Genetic factors were believed to influence its progression, one of which is the Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) rs3918242 polymorphism. This gene had an important function in breaking down the extracellular matrix and was involved in angiogenesis, invasion, and metastatic processes. Previous studies reported associations between polymorphic genotypes and increased breast cancer susceptibility, although other research found no significant link, leaving the contribution of this polymorphism uncertain. Objective: This study aimed to assess whether the MMP-9 (rs3918242) polymorphism is associated with breast cancer stage.  Methods:  A descriptive-analytical study with a cross-sectional design was conducted involving 22 breast cancer patients. DNA was isolated from biological samples, and MMP-9 polymorphism detection was performed using PCR, electrophoresis, and sequencing. Data were analyzed with the Chi-Square test, Odds Ratio (OR), and a 95% Confidence Interval (CI). Result:  Most patients were aged 51- 60 years (36.4%) with a mean age at diagnosis of 54.55 years, and 72.7% were diagnosed at an advanced stage. Comparison of CT and TT genotypes with the CC genotype showed no significant association with stage (p = 0.624). The OR of 2.2 (95% CI: 0.323-14.975) indicated a possible increase in risk, but the result lacked statistical significance. Conclusions: The MMP-9 (rs3918242) polymorphism showed no significant association with breast cancer stage, though a slight trend toward increased risk was noted. Larger sample studies are needed to confirm its role.