Administration of Sacha Inchi (Plukenetia volubilis) Oil Causes Thinner Left Ventricular Myocardium in Male Wistar Rats (Rattus norvegicus) Given a High-Fat and High-Fructose Diet

Abstract

High-fat and high-fructose diet (HFHFD) is a major risk factor for obesity. Obesity causes adipocyte dysfunction, pro-inflammatory cytokines release, and insulin resistance. This leads to oxidative stress and impaired glucose metabolism, triggering cardiac remodelling (left ventricular hypertrophy). Sacha inchi oil (Plukenetia volubilis) is high in omega-3, omega-6, omega-9, and antioxidants, which can reduce left ventricular myocardial thickness. This study aimed to determine the effect of HFHFD and sacha inchi oil on left ventricular myocardial thickness. This study used an experimental design, post-test only control group, with 25 samples of stored biological materials from Wistar rats, randomly divided into 5 groups (n=5). There were groups given a normal diet (KN0), HFHFD (KN-), and HFHFD with sacha inchi oil at doses of: 0.27 ml/200 g BW (KP1), 0.54 ml/200 g BW (KP2), and 1.08 ml/200 g BW (KP3). Administration of HFHFD significantly thickened the left ventricular myocardium of KN- (p=0.01) compared to normal diet (KN0) with an average thickness of 2980.05 ± 216.07 μm and 2443.17 ± 215.07 μm. Administration of sacha inchi oil (KP1, KP2, and KP3) significantly thinned the left ventricular myocardium (p<0.01) compared to negative control group (KN-) with an average myocardial thickness of 2237.14 ± 222.29 μm; 1955.27 ± 317.35 μm; 1709.80 ± 137.16 μm and 2980.05 ± 216.07 μm. Based on the results, DTLF causes left ventricular myocardial thickening and administration of sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis) oil causes left ventricular myocardial thinning. Therefore, administration of sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis) oil has the potential to prevent myocardial thickening.