RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PHYSICAL ACTIVITY LEVELS AND METABOLIC RATE AMONG THE ADULT POPULATION IN DENPASAR CITY

Abstract

Background: Physical activity level plays an important role in determining metabolic rate and energy balance; a decline in physical activity among urban adults may increase the risk of metabolic disorders.Objective: To determine the relationship between physical activity level and metabolic rate in the adult population of Denpasar City. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study with sampling conducted during Car Free Day at Lapangan Renon from September to December 2025. Physical activity level was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), while metabolic rate was measured with a Body Fat Scale (BFS). Analyses included descriptive statistics, Spearman’s correlation, and multiple linear regression. Results: A total of 138 respondents were analyzed. Sample composition by activity level was 19.6% low, 71.0% moderate, and 9.4% high. Median metabolic rate by group were: low 1,203 kcal, moderate 1,446.5 kcal, and high 1,581 kcal. Spearman’s correlation showed a moderate positive association between physical activity level and metabolic rate (r = 0.355; p < 0.001). In multiple linear regression, sex and body mass index (BMI) were significant predictors of metabolic rate, whereas physical activity level was no longer significant after multivariable adjustment. Conclusion: There is a significant positive relationship between physical activity level and metabolic rate in bivariate analysis. However, after adjustment for other variables, sex and BMI emerged as the primary predictors of metabolic rate in this sample.