LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN (LDL) LEVELS, AGE, AND SEX AS RISK FACTORS FOR CORONARY HEART DISEASE INCIDENTS AT NGOERAH HOSPITAL

I Gede Pramaditya Wahyu Saputra; A.A. Ngurah Subawa; I Wayan Putu Sutirtha Yasa; Desak Gde Diah Dharma Santhi

Authors

I Gede Pramaditya Wahyu Saputra Program Studi Sarjana Kedokteran dan Profesi Dokter, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Udayana Author
Prof. Dr. dr. A.A. Ngurah Subawa, M.Si Author
Prof. Dr. dr. I Wayan Putu Sutirtha Yasa, M.Si. Author
Desak Gde Diah Dharma Santhi, SSi., Apt., M.Kes, SSi., Apt., M.Kes Author

Keywords:

Coronary Heart Disease (CHD), Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL), Sex, Age

Abstract

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the foremost cause of mortality in Indonesia and is closely related to atherosclerosis due to increased levels of low density lipoprotein (LDL). The risk of CHD increases with age and is generally higher in male than in female, especially before menopause. Therefore, this study sought to assess the role of LDL, age, and sex as risk factors for CHD at Ngoerah Hospital. A case-control study of 34 case and 34 control patients (2022–2024) was conducted using consecutive sampling from medical records. To identify risk factors for CHD, bivariate analysis was conducted using the Chi-square test, followed by multivariate analysis using multiple logistic regression. Among the 68 patients analyzed, the majority (41 patients, 60.3%) had high LDL levels. The sample characteristics were predominantly male (44 patients, 64.7%) and of older age (42 patients, 61.8%). Multivariate analysis revealed that patients with high LDL levels showed a 7.4-fold greater likelihood of developing CHD relative to those with low LDL levels (AOR = 7.4; CI 95% : 2.22–24.75; p = 0.001). Male patients was also significantly associated with CHD, with approximately 5.78 times higher odds compared to females (AOR = 5.78; CI 95% : 1.67–19.97; p = 0.006). Age did not show a significant relationship with CHD (p = 0.65).