Gastroprotective Activity of Clove (Syzygium Aromaticum) in Anti-Tuberculosis Drug-Induced Rats By Enhancing Gastric Foveolar Cell Granules

Abstract

The standard first line anti-tuberculosis drug (ATD) therapy includes a combination of four drugs, namely isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide. However, these combination drug therapies often cause gastrointestinal adverse effects. Clove (Syzygium aromaticum) contains eugenol as its main component, which has gastroprotective activity to prevent those adverse effects. The purpose of this study is to prove gastroprotective activity of clove by increasing gastric foveolar granules. Experimental rats were treated for 21 days. Treatment groups were treated with ethanolic extract of clove 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg in ATD-induced rats. The positive control group only received ATD 350 mg/kg, and the normal control group received no treatment. After 21 days, the rats were sacrificed and the pylorus section of the stomach stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and were examined under light microscope. The examination showed that administration of ATD in positive control group reduced the amount of gastric foveolar granule compared to the normal control group which received no treatment (P<0,05) and clove ethanolic extract in any doses significantly increase the amount of gastric foveolar granules compared to the positive control group (P<0,05).

Terapi obat anti-tuberkulosis (OAT) standar lini pertama mencakup kombinasi empat obat, yaitu isoniazid, rifampisin, etambutol, dan pirazinamid. Namun, terapi kombinasi ini seringkali menimbulkan efek samping gastrointestinal. Cengkih (Syzygium aromaticum) mengandung eugenol sebagai komponen utamanya yang memiliki aktivitas gastroprotektif untuk mencegah efek samping tersebut. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk membuktikan aktivitas gastroprotektif cengkih dalam meningkatkan granul pada sel foveolar lambung. Tikus percobaan diberi perlakuan selama 21 hari. Kelompok perlakuan diberi ekstrak etanol cengkih 200, 400, dan 800 mg/kg dan diinduksi OAT. Kelompok kontrol positif hanya mendapat OAT 350 mg/kg, dan kelompok kontrol normal tidak mendapat perlakuan apapun. Setelah 21 hari, tikus diterminasi dan bagian pilorus lambung dilakukan perwarnaan dengan hematoxylin-eosin (HE) dan dilihat di bawah mikroskop cahaya. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa pemberian ATD pada kelompok kontrol positif menurunkan jumlah granul pada sel foveolar lambung dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol normal yang tidak mendapat perlakuan apapun (P<0,05) dan ekstrak etanol cengkih pada dosis berapapun secara signifikan meningkatkan jumlah granul pada sel foveolar lambung dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol positif (P<0,05).