Clinical Profile and Characteristics of Hypertension in Pregnant Women

Abstract

Background; Hypertension in pregnancy contributes to 14% of maternal deaths, with pre-eclampsia as one of the most common complications. Pre-eclampsia is characterized by increased blood pressure and the presence of protein in the urine after 20 weeks of gestation. The selection of antihypertensive therapy in pregnant women requires special consideration because some drugs can increase the risk of teratogenicity in the fetus. This study aims to analyze the profile and clinical characteristics of hypertension (pre-eclampsia) in pregnant women at the South Tangerang City Hospital. Methods: This study used a retrospective descriptive method with secondary data obtained from medical records of pre-eclampsia patients from January–December 2023. Results: The results showed that 60.5% of patients experienced severe pre-eclampsia, while 39.5% experienced mild pre-eclampsia. The antihypertensives used included nifedipine, methyldopa, amlodipine, and bisoprolol. The characteristics of the most pre-eclampsia patients were mothers aged 26–35 years (40.8%) with a gestational age of 29–42 weeks (81.6%). Conclusion: the antihypertensive therapy in pregnancy requires special attention to reduce the risk to the mother and fetus. The accuracy of drug use and routine examinations in pregnant women are important factors in preventing and treating pre-eclampsia.