CHARACTERISTICS OF ANEMIA IN PREDIALysis CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE PATIENTS AT PROF. DR. I.G.N.G. NGOERAH IN 2022

Abstract

Background:Anemia is a common complication in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), especially in the predialysis stage. It mainly occurs due to insufficient erythropoietin production as a result of kidney damage. Anemia worsens with increasing severity of CKD and contributes to reduced oxygen delivery to tissues, decreased quality of life, and increased morbidity and mortality. Determining the characteristics of anemia in predialysis CKD is essential to guide proper management. Methods:This study is a descriptive observational design using a total sampling method involving 90 patients with predialysis CKD at Prof. Dr. I.G.N.G. Ngoerah Hospital in 2022. Inclusion criteria included complete medical records with confirmed diagnosis of CKD and documented anemia without undergoing hemodialysis. Data were obtained retrospectively from the hospital information system and included patient demographics, CKD stage, hemoglobin levels, and erythrocyte indices (MCV, MCHC). Results:Among 90 patients, 52.2% were male and 48.9% were aged 46–65 years. The most common CKD stage was stage 3 (28.9%). The most frequent anemia severity was mild anemia (67.8%) based on hemoglobin levels. Regarding erythrocyte morphology, normochromic normocytic anemia was the most prevalent, found in 71.1% of the cases. A smaller proportion had microcytic hypochromic anemia (23.3%) and macrocytic normochromic anemia (5.6%). Conclusion:The majority of anemia in predialysis chronic kidney disease patients at Prof. Dr. I.G.N.G. Ngoerah Hospital in 2022 was found to be of mild severity with normocytic normochromic morphology. These findings highlight the need for early screening and classification of anemia in CKD patients to optimize treatment.