E-Jurnal Medika Udayana
type: channel
description: E-Jurnal Medika Udayana is a peer-reviewed scientific journal dedicated to publish good quality of research work in all areas of medical sciences. Scope of the journal includes: medicine, dentistry, nursing and allied health sciences, pharmacy, pathology, anatomy, pharmacology, toxicology, surgery and physiology.
publisher: Universitas Udayana
language: en
publication name: E-Jurnal Medika Udayana
issn: 2303-1395
items: MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT KLEBSIELLA PNEUMONIAE DAN ESCHERICHIA COLI DI RUMAH SAKIT TERSIER PASCA PANDEMI COVID-19: PREVALENSI, KARAKTERISTIK, DAN POLA KEPEKAAN
items: ASSOCIATION BETWEEN PARENTAL FEEDING STYLES AND FEEDING DIFFICULTIES AMONG PRESCHOOL CHILDREN IN DENPASAR, INDONESIA
items: ASSOCIATION BETWEEN PROGRAMMED DEATH-LIGANT 1 (PD-L1) EXPRESSION WITH MENINGIOMA GRADE AT PROF. DR. I.G.N.G. NGOERAH DENPASAR HOSPITAL
items: Hubungan Asimetrik Facet Joint dengan Herniasi Diskus Intervertebralis Lumbalis Pada Pasien LBP dengan Menggunakan Magnetic Resonance Imaging
items: EFFECTS OF PLANT-BASED VERSUS ANIMAL-BASED COMPLEMENTARY FEEDING ON GROWTH AND NUTRITIONAL OUTCOMES IN HEALTHY INFANTS: A META-ANALYSIS
items: DIFFERENCE IN PERCEIVED QUALITY OF SERVICE AND PATIENT SATISFACTION BETWEEN GOVERNMENT AND PRIVATE HOSPITALS IN MEDAN, INDONESIA
items: Analysis of Toddlers' Malnutrition Incidence and Adherence to Clean and Healthy Living Behavior in Sei Kepayang Timur Health Center
items: CHARACTERISTICS OF ANEMIA IN PREDIALysis CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE PATIENTS AT PROF. DR. I.G.N.G. NGOERAH IN 2022
items: PERCEPTION AND ATTITUDE OF UDAYANA UNIVERSITY MEDICAL STUDENTS TOWARDS CADAVERIC OBSERVATION BY ONLINE AND OFFLINE LEARNING
items: OVERVIEW OF THE CAUSES OF AUTOPSIED SUDDEN DEATH AT PROF. DR. I.G.N.G. NGOERAH CENTRAL GENERAL HOSPITAL FOR THE 2014-2023 PERIOD
items: Clinical Profile and Characteristics of Hypertension in Pregnant Women
items: RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BODY MASS INDEX AND CREATININE AND UREUM LEVELS IN CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE PATIENTS UNDERGOING HEMODIALYSIS AT SANJIWANI HOSPITAL
items: THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE USE OF NASAL IRRIGATION WITH PHYSIOLOGICAL SALINE SOLUTION IN CHRONIC RHINOSINUSITIS PATIENTS AFTER ENDOSCOPIC SINUS SURGERY AT RSPAL DR. RAMELAN SURABAYA PERIOD 2021-2024
items: https://ejournal4.unud.ac.id/index.php/medika/en/article/view/678
items: Mode of Delivery in Women With Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy
items: Characteristics of Melasma Patients in Dermatology and Venereology Polyclinic Ngoerah Hospital Denpasar Bali From 2020 to 2022
items: ASSOCIATION BETWEEN THE RS2280091 POLYMORPHISM IN THE ADAM33 GENE AND CHILDHOOD ASTHMA
items: RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EXPRESSION CLUSTER OF DIFFERENTIATION 44 (CD44) WITH MITOSIS, GRADE AND BRAIN INVASION IN MENINGIOMA
items: ASSOCIATION BETWEEN CD4 CELL COUNT AND OCULAR SYPHILIS IN HIV-INFECTED POPULATION: A CROSS-SECTIONAL ANALYSIS
items: HISTOPATHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PATIENTS WITH BASAL CELL CARCINOMA AT NGOERAH HOSPITAL DERMATOLOGY AND VENEREOLOGY POLYCLINIC: A STUDY FROM JANUARY 2021 TO DECEMBER 2023
items: THE EXPRESSION OF VEGF IN VAGINAL TISSUE OF MENOPAUSAL ANIMAL MODELS AFTER TREATED WITH ETHANOL EXTRACT OF PURPLE SWEET POTATO (IPOMEA BATATA L.)
items: RISK OF DEPRESSION AND ANXIETY AMONG FEMALE SEX WORKERS (FSWS) LIVING WITH HIV AND UNDERGOING HIV TREATMENT AT WM MEDIKA CLINIC, KERTI PRAJA FOUNDATION
items: THE KNOWLEDGE LEVEL OF DOCTORS AND INPATIENTS REGARDING PATIENT’ RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS IN DENPASAR CITY
items: EVALUATION OF CARDIAC AUTONOMIC CONTROL DURING SIX-MINUTE WALK TEST IN OBESE AMONG MEDICAL FACULTY STUDENTS OF UDAYANA UNIVERSITY
items: SELF-REPORTED HALITOSIS AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG THE ELDERLY
items: DESCRIBE ANTENATAL CARE COMPLIANCE TO IMPROVE SERVICE QUALITY FOR PREGNANT WOMEN IN NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR
items: CORRELATION BETWEEN NT-PROBNP LEVELS AND RIGHT VENTRICULAR FUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH PULMONARY ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION
items: THE EFFECTIVENESS OF KETAPANG LEAF (Terminalia Catappa L.) INFUSION AS A DENTURE CLEANSER FOR HEAT-CURED ACRYLIC RESIN DENTURES IN INHIBITING CANDIDA ALBICANS GROWTH
items: EFFECTS OF ETHANOL EXTRACT OF PADANG TARO LEAVES (COLOCASIA GIGANTEA) ON THE WEIGHT AND MUSCLE THICKNESS OF MALNOURISHED MODEL MICE
items: THE CHARACTERISTICS OF PATIENTS WITH VASCULITIS AT NGOERAH HOSPITAL DURING THE 2020-2024 PERIOD

MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT KLEBSIELLA PNEUMONIAE DAN ESCHERICHIA COLI DI RUMAH SAKIT TERSIER PASCA PANDEMI COVID-19: PREVALENSI, KARAKTERISTIK, DAN POLA KEPEKAAN
type: item
description: Klebsiella pneumoniae dan Escherichia coli adalah bakteri Gram negatif dari famili Enterobacteriaceae yang banyak terisolasi di rumah sakit sebagai penyebab infeksi, baik hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) maupun community-acquired infections. Prevalensi resistensi bakteri tersebut semakin meningkat, termasuk resistensi terhadap antibiotik golongan karbapenem dan sefalosporin spektrum luas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pola kepekaan K. pneumoniae dan E. coli penghasil extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) dan resisten karbapenem terhadap antibiotik yang diisolasi dari pasien rawat inap serta distribusinya berdasarkan usia, jenis kelamin, diagnosis, ruang rawat, lama rawat, status rujukan, dan jenis spesimen. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif observasional dengan desain cross-sectional menggunakan data laboratorium dan data rekam medis di Instalasi Laboratorium Sentral dan Instalasi Rekam Medis RSUP Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang periode Juli 2022-Juni 2023. Terdapat 587 isolat K. pneumoniae dan 506 isolat E. coli penghasil ESBL atau resisten karbapenem. Distribusi K. pneumoniae dan E. coli berdasarkan profil resistensinya di RSUP Dr. Mohammad Hosein Palembang, antara lain ESBL-K. pneumoniae (53,6%), ESBL-E. coli (72,1%), CR-K. pneumoniae (8%), CR-E. coli (1,8%), ESBL-CR-K. pneumoniae (2%), dan ESBL-CR-E. coli (1%). Berdasarkan pola kepekaan, isolat penghasil ESBL sensitif terhadap antibiotik piperasilin/tazobaktam, golongan karbapenem, amikasin, nitrofurantoin, dan tigesiklin. Isolat CRE sensitif terhadap amikasin, nitrofurantoin, dan tigesiklin. Isolat Enterobacteriaceae multidrug-resistant (MDR) yang paling banyak di RSUP Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang selama periode penelitian adalah ESBL-E. coli (72,1%), dengan sensitivitasnya yang masih cukup tinggi terhadap piperasilin/tazobaktam, karbapenem, amikasin, nitrofurantoin, dan tigesiklin. ABSTRACT Hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) and community-acquired infections are frequently caused by two…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, ESBL, CRE
  topic: keywords
creator: Cut Fathiyah Zahrah
creator: Erizka Rivani
creator: Masayu Farah Diba
creator: Rizki Andini Nawawi
creator: Ella Amalia
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-09-18
publication date: 2025-09-18
starting page: 30
ending page: 40

ASSOCIATION BETWEEN PARENTAL FEEDING STYLES AND FEEDING DIFFICULTIES AMONG PRESCHOOL CHILDREN IN DENPASAR, INDONESIA
type: item
description: Background: Nutrition during the preschool period is crucial for growth and cognitive development. Feeding difficulties are common and can lead to malnutrition. Parental feeding style—authoritarian, democratic, or permissive—plays a major role in children’s eating behaviour. This study aimed to determine the association between parental feeding style and feeding difficulties among preschoolers in Denpasar, Indonesia. Methods: A descriptive-analytic cross-sectional study was conducted between April and June 2025 in five kindergartens selected by cluster random sampling. A total of 196 children were recruited systematically. Data were collected using validated questionnaires on feeding style and feeding difficulty behaviour and analysed with SPSS 26 using univariate, bivariate, and multivariate statistics. Results: Feeding style was significantly associated with feeding difficulties (p < 0.001). Children of authoritarian parents showed the highest prevalence of feeding problems (95.0%, PR = 5.2, 95% CI 3.76–7.26), followed by permissive (52.5%, PR = 3.6, 95% CI 2.24–5.78), whereas democratic parenting showed the lowest rate (0.9%). Multivariate logistic regression confirmed feeding style (B = 0.499, p < 0.001) as a key determinant of feeding difficulty. Conclusion: Parental feeding style is significantly associated with feeding difficulties among preschool children in Denpasar. Authoritarian and permissive styles increase risk, while democratic style is protective.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Preschool children, feeding difficulty, parental feeding style
  topic: keywords
creator: Gde Andi Dwipantara Tungga Parmita
creator: I Gusti Ayu Putu Eka Pratiwi
creator: I Gusti Lanang Sidiartha
creator: Wega Upendra Sindhughosa
creator: I Nyoman Warigardita Susila
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 E-Jurnal Medika Udayana
date: 2025-12-03
publication date: 2025-12-03
starting page: 8
ending page: 11

ASSOCIATION BETWEEN PROGRAMMED DEATH-LIGANT 1 (PD-L1) EXPRESSION WITH MENINGIOMA GRADE AT PROF. DR. I.G.N.G. NGOERAH DENPASAR HOSPITAL
type: item
description: Background: Meningioma is the most common primary intracranial tumor, mostly benign, yet higher-grade tumors tend to recur and behave more aggressively. The expression of Programmed Death-Ligand 1 (PD-L1) contributes to tumor immune evasion and may serve as a prognostic biomarker as well as a potential target for immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. Objective: To analyze the association between PD-L1 expression and meningioma grade at Prof. dr. I.G.N.G. Ngoerah General Hospital. Methods: This analytical observational study used a cross-sectional design. Samples were selected using a purposive sampling method from paraffin-embedded meningioma tissues diagnosed at the Department of Anatomical Pathology, Prof. dr. I.G.N.G. Ngoerah General Hospital. Immunohistochemistry was performed using a polyclonal anti–PD-L1 antibody (Genetex, GTX104763). PD-L1 expression was evaluated using the Tumor Proportion Score (TPS) and Combined Positive Score (CPS). Statistical analysis was conducted using the chi-square test with a significance level of p<0.05. Results: A total of 41 meningioma cases were included, consisting of 20 (48.8%) grade 1, 15 (36.6%) grade 2, and 6 (14.6%) grade 3. PD-L1 expression showed an increasing trend with higher meningioma grades in both TPS and CPS evaluations. A significant correlation was observed between PD-L1 expression and tumor grade (p<0.05). Conclusion: Higher PD-L1 expression was associated with higher meningioma grades, suggesting its potential role as a prognostic biomarker and as a rationale for considering immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy in high-grade or recurrent meningiomas.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Meningioma, PD-L1, Immunohistochemistry, Tumor Proportion Score, Combined Positive Score, Grade
  topic: keywords
creator: Felyanto Hie
creator: Ni Putu Sriwidyani
creator: Luh Putu Iin Indrayani Maker
creator: Herman Saputra
creator: I Made Gotra Hie
creator: I Made Muliarta Hie
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 E-Jurnal Medika Udayana
date: 2025-12-03
publication date: 2025-12-03
starting page: 1
ending page: 7

Hubungan Asimetrik Facet Joint dengan Herniasi Diskus Intervertebralis Lumbalis Pada Pasien LBP dengan Menggunakan Magnetic Resonance Imaging
type: item
description: ANASTASIA MARCELLA. Hubungan Asimetrik Facet Joint dengan Herniasi Diskus Intervertebralis Lumbalis Pada Pasien LBP dengan Menggunakan Magnetic Resonance Imaging (disupervisi oleh Junus Baan, Mirna Muis, dan Andi Alfian Zainuddin) Facet joint asimetrik dapat membuat distribusi tegangan asimetris pada jaringan zygapophysial dan diskus intervertebralis serta dapat meningkatkan risiko herniasi diskus lumbar. Pemeriksaan Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) ditujukan untuk memvisualisasikan struktur non-osseous dari facet joint termasuk kartilago articular serta menilai herniasi dari nukleus pulposus dengan baik. Penelitian ini bersifat observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional di RSUP Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Makassar untuk menilai hubungan asimetrik facet joint dengan herniasi diskus intervertebralis lumbalis dengan menggunakan MRI lumbosakral. Sampel penelitian diambil dari bulan Januari 2020 hingga Januari 2023, dan didapatkan sebanyak 92 orang. Program SPSS versi 26.0 digunakan untuk analisis data. Uji bivariat menggunakan uji Chi Square. Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara derajat herniasi diskus intervertebralis lumbal dengan derajat asimetrik facet joint pada level spinal L3-L4, L4-L5 dan L5-S1 (p < 0,001). Kata kunci: MRI lumbosakral, asimetrik facet joint, herniasi diskus intervertebralis.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: MRI lumbosakral, asimetrik facet joint, herniasi diskus intervertebralis
  topic: keywords
creator: Anastasia Marcella
creator: Junus Baan
creator: Mirna Muis
creator: Andi Alfian Zainuddin
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 E-Jurnal Medika Udayana
date: 2025-12-03
publication date: 2025-12-03
starting page: 12
ending page: 18

EFFECTS OF PLANT-BASED VERSUS ANIMAL-BASED COMPLEMENTARY FEEDING ON GROWTH AND NUTRITIONAL OUTCOMES IN HEALTHY INFANTS: A META-ANALYSIS
type: item
description: In recent years, there has been growing interest among parents in plant-based diets, including vegetarian and vegan feeding patterns for infants. Plant-based complementary feeding (CF) may fall short in delivering sufficient amounts of bioavailable iron, zinc, calcium, vitamin B12, and high-quality protein, all of which are essential for proper growth and neurodevelopment for infants. Method: This study employs statistical modeling to combine the results of multiple studies using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Risk of bias was assessed qualitatively based on study design, sample size, and outcome reporting. Result: In the initial stage of search, total of 350 articles were identified but total of 5 primary studies met all the inclusion criteria and were included in the final study using Review Manager (RevMan) version 5.4. The pooled analysis revealed that infants who received animal-based CF experienced significantly better growth outcomes compared to those who received plant-based CF. Discussion: The findings of this meta-analysis are consistent with prior literature indicating that animal-source foods contribute significantly to optimal growth in early childhood due to their high nutrient density and bioavailability of key micronutrients. Compared to plant-based foods, animal-based complementary feeding provides heme iron, complete proteins, vitamin B12, and zinc in forms that are more efficiently absorbed by the body, potentially explaining the superior growth outcomes observed in the included studies. Conclusion: This meta-analysis demonstrates that animal-based CF is significantly more effective in supporting the growth of infants aged 6–24 months compared to plant-based CF.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Complementary Feeding
  topic: keywords
subject: Vegetarian
  topic: keywords
subject: Growth Development
  topic: keywords
creator: Putu Ayu Adindhya Saraswati Surya
creator: Wega Upendra Sindhughosa
creator: I Gusti Ayu Putu Eka Pratiwi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 E-Jurnal Medika Udayana
date: 2025-10-31
publication date: 2025-10-31
starting page: 21
ending page: 26

DIFFERENCE IN PERCEIVED QUALITY OF SERVICE AND PATIENT SATISFACTION BETWEEN GOVERNMENT AND PRIVATE HOSPITALS IN MEDAN, INDONESIA
type: item
description: Since the implementation of the National Health Insurance program, there has been significant growth in the number of hospitals in Indonesia, with the most notable growth occurring in private hospitals. This growth has been followed by increased competition between government hospitals (GH) and private hospitals (PH). This study aims to examine the differences in perceptions of service quality and patient satisfaction between RSP and PH. The study is analytical quantitative research with a cross-sectional design, conducted at GH and PH in Medan City in May 2025. The sample for this study consisted of 422 respondents, selected using incidental sampling techniques. Data were collected using a valid and reliable questionnaire. This study has been approved by the Ethics Committee of the Health Research Department at Universitas Prima Indonesia. The study found that the majority of patients at GH perceived service quality as poor across all dimensions (>50%) and were largely dissatisfied with the services they received (53.4%). In contrast, the majority of patients at PH perceived service quality as good across all dimensions (>60%) and were generally satisfied with the services they received (89.4%). At GH, all dimensions of quality were found to be significantly related to patient satisfaction (p < 0.001), whereas at PH, only overall quality was related to satisfaction. Furthermore, there were significant differences between GH and PH in terms of the dimensions of tangibility, empathy, overall quality, and patient satisfaction, with satisfaction at PH being more than twice as high as at GH. It can be concluded that there are significant differences in the perceptions of service quality and patient satisfaction between GH and PH.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: government hospital
  topic: keywords
subject: private hospital
  topic: keywords
subject: quality
  topic: keywords
subject: satisfaction
  topic: keywords
creator: Ainun Fhadilah
creator: Chrismis Novalinda Ginting
creator: Herbert Wau
creator: Maya Sari Mutia
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 E-Jurnal Medika Udayana
date: 2025-11-12
publication date: 2025-11-12
starting page: 16
ending page: 23

Analysis of Toddlers' Malnutrition Incidence and Adherence to Clean and Healthy Living Behavior in Sei Kepayang Timur Health Center
type: item
description: Undernutrition is a health problem that has a long-term impact on child growth and development, which can occur due to insufficient intake or excessive energy use. One of the factors contributing to undernutrition is the failure to implement clean and healthy living behaviors (PHBS). However, the national PHBS achievement has only reached 39.1% and the prevalence of children with undernutrition in Indonesia has reached 7.5%. This study aims to determine the effect of PHBS on the incidence of undernutrition among toddlers in the Sei Kepayang Timur Community Health Center (CHC) area. This study is a quantitative analytical study involving 200 families with children under five years of age, selected incidentally. Data were collected using direct observation checklists and basic information questionnaires. The majority of families in the Sei Kepayang Timur CHC work area (92%) still did not achieve PHBS, and 42% had children with undernutrition. Data analysis showed that overall PHBS was significantly associated with malnutrition (p<0.05). Among the ten PHBS indicators, only the second, third, fifth, and tenth indicators were found to influence malnutrition, with the tenth indicator being the most influential factor (p<0.05: OR: 3.855). Achieving clean and healthy living behaviors, such as exclusive breastfeeding, monthly weighing of infants, washing hands with soap and running water, and not smoking indoors, plays a crucial role in preventing malnutrition among infants.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: PHBS
  topic: keywords
subject: undernutrition
  topic: keywords
subject: child development
  topic: keywords
creator: Rizky Handayani Lubis
creator: Ermi Girsang
creator: Sri Lestari Ramadhani Nasution
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 E-Jurnal Medika Udayana
date: 2025-11-11
publication date: 2025-11-11
starting page: 7
ending page: 15

CHARACTERISTICS OF ANEMIA IN PREDIALysis CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE PATIENTS AT PROF. DR. I.G.N.G. NGOERAH IN 2022
type: item
description: Background:Anemia is a common complication in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), especially in the predialysis stage. It mainly occurs due to insufficient erythropoietin production as a result of kidney damage. Anemia worsens with increasing severity of CKD and contributes to reduced oxygen delivery to tissues, decreased quality of life, and increased morbidity and mortality. Determining the characteristics of anemia in predialysis CKD is essential to guide proper management. Methods:This study is a descriptive observational design using a total sampling method involving 90 patients with predialysis CKD at Prof. Dr. I.G.N.G. Ngoerah Hospital in 2022. Inclusion criteria included complete medical records with confirmed diagnosis of CKD and documented anemia without undergoing hemodialysis. Data were obtained retrospectively from the hospital information system and included patient demographics, CKD stage, hemoglobin levels, and erythrocyte indices (MCV, MCHC). Results:Among 90 patients, 52.2% were male and 48.9% were aged 46–65 years. The most common CKD stage was stage 3 (28.9%). The most frequent anemia severity was mild anemia (67.8%) based on hemoglobin levels. Regarding erythrocyte morphology, normochromic normocytic anemia was the most prevalent, found in 71.1% of the cases. A smaller proportion had microcytic hypochromic anemia (23.3%) and macrocytic normochromic anemia (5.6%). Conclusion:The majority of anemia in predialysis chronic kidney disease patients at Prof. Dr. I.G.N.G. Ngoerah Hospital in 2022 was found to be of mild severity with normocytic normochromic morphology. These findings highlight the need for early screening and classification of anemia in CKD patients to optimize treatment.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Chronic Kidney Disease, Anemia, Predialysis
  topic: keywords
creator: Ni Nyoman Anggun Mawarni Astiti
creator: Ni Made Renny Anggreni Rena
creator: I Made Pande Dwipayana
creator: Made Ratna Saraswati
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 E-Jurnal Medika Udayana
date: 2025-10-10
publication date: 2025-10-10

PERCEPTION AND ATTITUDE OF UDAYANA UNIVERSITY MEDICAL STUDENTS TOWARDS CADAVERIC OBSERVATION BY ONLINE AND OFFLINE LEARNING
type: item
description: Human anatomy practicum using cadavers has been carried out for a long time and is considered the gold standard for learning anatomy. Practicum using cadavers has its own advantages and disadvantages and is starting to be replaced by other anatomical practicum methods. Students have their own perceptions of practicum using cadavers. This research aims to determine the perceptions and attitude of students in the Undergraduate Medicine Study Program at Udayana University regarding human anatomy practicum using cadavers with online and offline learning. This research is a descriptive observational study with a cross-sectional approach. The sample collection technique used was purposive sampling and 216 students were taken as minimum samples. Data collection was carried out by distributing questionnaires with a Likert scale online and offline. The results of research from 301 samples show that students of the Undergraduate Medicine Study Program at Udayana University have a positive perception of human anatomy science practicum using cadavers, both with online and offline learning. The majority of students agreed that cadaver observation deepens understanding (69.5%), increases respect for the human body (88.1%), makes learning more interesting (82.7%), and helps remember what is learned (65.4%). Students also accept cadaver as a learning method and have respect and empathy for cadavers. Students have a positive perception of human anatomy science practicum using cadavers. Cadaveric observation should not be replaced by other practical methods and more time should be allocated for cadaveric observation.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Anatomy practicum, cadaver, online learning, offline
  topic: keywords
creator: Sherly Septiana Chandra
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 E-Jurnal Medika Udayana
date: 2025-12-05
publication date: 2025-12-05
starting page: 19
ending page: 25

OVERVIEW OF THE CAUSES OF AUTOPSIED SUDDEN DEATH AT PROF. DR. I.G.N.G. NGOERAH CENTRAL GENERAL HOSPITAL FOR THE 2014-2023 PERIOD
type: item
description: Sudden natural unexpected death is death due to disease process that occurs naturally. Sudden death due to illness has been increasing, with the cardiovascular system as the highest cause of death. While many causes of sudden death have been identified, some cases remain unexplained even after thorough examinations. Based on background, it is necessary to discuss the causes of sudden death. The study was conducted to determine causes and characteristics of autopsied sudden death at Prof. Dr. I.G.N.G. Ngoerah Central General Hospital for the 2014-2023 period. This study used a descriptive cross-sectional method with a retrospective study approach. Sampling was carried out using a total sampling technique, in which the number of samples was 82 bodies. Research data were obtained from secondary data in the form of postmortem examination reports in the 2014-2023 period. The study results showed that the causes of autopsied sudden deaths consisted of 69.5% sudden natural deaths due to disease and 30.5% sudden deaths of unknown causes. The elderly population or ≥60 years old dominated in these cases (39.0%). Most of samples who experienced sudden death were male (78.0%). In addition, about 91.5% of the samples were foreigners, and the highest BMI owned by the samples was obesity class I (34.1%). Autopsied sudden deaths were dominated by sudden natural deaths, with cardiovascular (80.7%), respiratory (5.3%), central nervous (5.3%), hepatobiliary (3.5%), immune (3.5%), and renal (1.8%) system diseases as the cause of death.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: autopsy
  topic: keywords
subject: cause of death
  topic: keywords
subject: characteristics
  topic: keywords
subject: sudden death
  topic: keywords
creator: Ni Kadek Suras Febriyani Cawis
creator: Henky
creator: Ida Bagus Putu Alit
creator: Kunthi Yulianti
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 E-Jurnal Medika Udayana
date: 2025-10-14
publication date: 2025-10-14

Clinical Profile and Characteristics of Hypertension in Pregnant Women
type: item
description: Background; Hypertension in pregnancy contributes to 14% of maternal deaths, with pre-eclampsia as one of the most common complications. Pre-eclampsia is characterized by increased blood pressure and the presence of protein in the urine after 20 weeks of gestation. The selection of antihypertensive therapy in pregnant women requires special consideration because some drugs can increase the risk of teratogenicity in the fetus. This study aims to analyze the profile and clinical characteristics of hypertension (pre-eclampsia) in pregnant women at the South Tangerang City Hospital. Methods: This study used a retrospective descriptive method with secondary data obtained from medical records of pre-eclampsia patients from January–December 2023. Results: The results showed that 60.5% of patients experienced severe pre-eclampsia, while 39.5% experienced mild pre-eclampsia. The antihypertensives used included nifedipine, methyldopa, amlodipine, and bisoprolol. The characteristics of the most pre-eclampsia patients were mothers aged 26–35 years (40.8%) with a gestational age of 29–42 weeks (81.6%). Conclusion: the antihypertensive therapy in pregnancy requires special attention to reduce the risk to the mother and fetus. The accuracy of drug use and routine examinations in pregnant women are important factors in preventing and treating pre-eclampsia.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: pregnancy-induced hypertension, preeclampsia, antihypertensive therapy, drug rationality, pregnancy
  topic: keywords
creator: Nur Hasanah
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 E-Jurnal Medika Udayana
date: 2025-09-09
publication date: 2025-09-09

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BODY MASS INDEX AND CREATININE AND UREUM LEVELS IN CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE PATIENTS UNDERGOING HEMODIALYSIS AT SANJIWANI HOSPITAL
type: item
description: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a condition characterized by sustained changes in kidney structure and function lasting for more than three months. The hemodialysis (HD) procedure can impact the nutritional status of CKD patients through increased degradation of body proteins. This degradation is reflected in elevated blood levels of creatinine and urea. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and serum creatinine and urea levels in CKD patients undergoing HD at Sanjiwani Hospital, Gianyar. This was an analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design, involving 95 CKD patients undergoing HD who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The study population was predominantly male (63.2%), with a median age of 50 years (range 21–63 years). The average BMI was 24.15 ± 4.56 kg/m², the mean serum creatinine level was 9.67 ± 2.83 mg/dL, and the mean serum urea level was 126.08 ± 35.50 mg/dL. Pearson correlation analysis revealed a significant, but weak, positive correlation between BMI and serum creatinine levels (r = 0.246, p = 0.016). In contrast, the correlation between BMI and serum urea levels was not significant (r = 0.147, p = 0.155). Based on these results, we conclude that while there is no significant relationship between BMI and serum urea levels, there is a weak, significant relationship between BMI and serum creatinine levels, indicating that higher BMI may be associated with increased serum creatinine levels in HD patients.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: body mass index, chronic kidney disease, creatinine, urea
  topic: keywords
creator: Putu Dian Amelya Putri Widarani
creator: I Wayan Gede Sutadarma
creator: Ni Wayan Tianing
creator: I Wayan Surudarma
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 E-Jurnal Medika Udayana
date: 2025-10-24
publication date: 2025-10-24
starting page: 27
ending page: 33

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE USE OF NASAL IRRIGATION WITH PHYSIOLOGICAL SALINE SOLUTION IN CHRONIC RHINOSINUSITIS PATIENTS AFTER ENDOSCOPIC SINUS SURGERY AT RSPAL DR. RAMELAN SURABAYA PERIOD 2021-2024
type: item
description: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a prevalent condition affecting individuals across all age groups, often leading to symptoms such as depression, fatigue, reduced work productivity, and sleep disorders. The CRS therapy management includes medical therapy and surgical procedures such as functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) in Asia. Current management of CRS involves both medical therapy and functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS). Postoperative medical treatment, particularly nasal irrigation with normal saline, is crucial to optimise surgical outcomes. This retrospective cohort study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of nasal irrigation using physiological saline in patients with CRS following FESS at RSPAL Dr. Ramelan Surabaya during the period 2021 to 2024. Medical records of 244 patients undergoing FESS were reviewed, with 64 patients meeting the inclusion criteria. Evaluation based on the European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps (EPOS) 2020 criteria demonstrated a significant improvement in symptoms, including nasal congestion (P = 0.006), rhinorrhea (P = 0.000), and facial pain (P = 0.001). Objective nasal endoscopy findings post-treatment also revealed significant reductions in nasal secretions (P=0.000), mucosal colouration abnormalities (P=0.011), and crust formation (P=0.001). These findings underscore the efficacy of saline nasal irrigation as an adjunctive therapy following endoscopic sinus surgery in patients with CRS.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Nasal irrigation, Physiological Saline Solution., Chronic Rhinosinusitis,
  topic: keywords
creator: Khoirun Nisa Putri Sisandi Khoirun Nisa Putri Sisandi
creator: Aditya Wira Buana
creator: Dody Taruna
creator: Irma Andriani Pasaribu
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 E-Jurnal Medika Udayana
date: 2025-11-26
publication date: 2025-11-26
starting page: 24
ending page: 30

https://ejournal4.unud.ac.id/index.php/medika/en/article/view/678
type: item
title: THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE (AST) AND ALANINE AMINOTRANSFERASE (ALT) WITH DISEASE SEVERITY IN COVID-19 INPATIENTS AT UDAYANA UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL FROM JANUARY 2020 TO DECEMBER 2021
description: The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on global health. In addition to its high transmission rate, the clinical presentation of the disease varied, ranging from asymptomatic to critical cases. Previous studies found differences in laboratory results between critical and non-critical patients. One of these laboratory results was Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) and Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT). However, the relationship between AST and ALT with the disease severity in COVID-19 patients remained unclear. This study aimed to determine the relationship between AST and ALT with the disease severity in COVID-19 patients at Udayana University Hospital. This study used a cross-sectional approach involving 126 COVID-19 patients who were hospitalized at Udayana University Hospital. Data were collected through consecutive sampling from the medical records of COVID-19 patients from January 2020 to December 2021. Among the 126 COVID-19 patients studied, 64 were critical patients and 62 were non-critical patients. The median (min-max) age of critical patients was 59.5 years (18-76), while non-critical patients had a median age of 45.5 years (20-70). Laboratory data showed that 90.6% of critical COVID-19 patients had elevated AST levels and 64.1% had elevated ALT levels. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated a significant relationship between AST (PR: 3.929, 95% CI: 1.177-13.117) and ALT (PR: 2.881, 95% CI: 1.053-7.883) levels with the disease severity in COVID-19 patients. There was a significant relationship between AST and ALT levels with disease severity in COVID-19 patients at Udayana University Hospital.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: ALT level, AST level, COVID-19
  topic: keywords
creator: Ni Kadek Mei Permatasari
creator: Cokorda Agung Wahyu Purnamasidhi
creator: I Ketut Mariadi
creator: I Gusti Ngurah Bagus Artana
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 E-Jurnal Medika Udayana
date: 2025-09-09
publication date: 2025-09-09

Mode of Delivery in Women With Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy
type: item
description: Abstrak Latar belakang: Hipertensi dalam kehamilan (HDK) adalah kondisi serius yang meningkatkan risiko kematian dan komplikasi pada ibu dan bayi, termasuk hipertensi kronis, gestasional, preeklamsia, dan eklamsia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan metode persalinan pada ibu HDK. Metode: Penelitian observasional deskriptif terhadap rekam medis dilakukan dengan desain potong lintang di RSUP Prof. Dr. I. G. N. G. Ngoerah tahun 2021–2022 yang memenuhi kriteria lalu dianalisis melalui SPSS. Hasil: Penelitian melibatkan 86 kasus HDK dengan mayoritas ibu mengalami preeklamsia (73.3%), berusia 20-34 tahun (72.09%), memiliki IMT 25–30 kg/m² (39.53%), dan merupakan multigravida (60.46%) dan multiparitas (56.97%). Sebagian besar persalinan dilakukan dengan seksio sesarea (79.06%), sementara persalinan pervaginam spontan hanya 20.93% dan diantaranya dibantu dengan forsep (4.65%). Bayi aterm lahir sebanyak 58.13% dengan mortalitas perinatal 9.3%. Kesimpulan: Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan tingginya angka operasi SC (Sectio Caesarea) pada ibu HDK dibandingkan pervaginam spontan berserta gambarannya pada ibu dan bayi baru lahir terdampak. Abstracts Backgrounds: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) including chronic hypertension, gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, and eclampsia are among the major conditions that raise the risk of death and complications for both the mother and the unborn child. The purpose of this study is to characterize the delivery technique used in HDP women. Methods: A descriptive observational study of medical records was conducted with a cross-sectional design at Prof. Dr. I. G. N. G. Ngoerah General Hospital in 2021-2022 which met the criteria and was analyzed through SPSS. Results: Of the 86 HDP patients in the study, most of the women had preeclampsia (73.3%), were between the ages of 20 and 34 (72.09%), had a BMI of 25–30 kg/m² (39.53%), and were multigravida (60.46%) and multiparity (56.97%). The majority of deliveries (79.06%) …
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy
  topic: keywords
subject: Mode of Delivery
  topic: keywords
subject: Pregnancy Hypertension
  topic: keywords
creator: Gwyneth Felicia Oden
creator: Gede Wirata
creator: Jaqueline Sudiman
creator: Yuliana
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 E-Jurnal Medika Udayana
date: 2025-08-25
publication date: 2025-08-25
starting page: 32
ending page: 39

Characteristics of Melasma Patients in Dermatology and Venereology Polyclinic Ngoerah Hospital Denpasar Bali From 2020 to 2022
type: item
description: Background: Melasma is a common hypermelanosis condition caused by sun exposure. Melasma causes lack of self-confidence which affects quality of life. This research is to determine the prevalence and characteristics of melasma patients at Dermatology and Venereology Polyclinic, Ngoerah Hospital, Denpasar, Bali. Method: Research method using cross sectional descriptive observational study at Dermatology and Venereology Polyclinic and Medical Records Installation in February until May 2024. Result: Total of 69 (6.56%) new patients diagnosed with melasma, 67 (97.10%) female patients and 2 (2.90%) male patients and predominantly aged 41-50 years in 40 (57.97%) patients. Total of 50 (72.25%) patients had family history of melasma, 43 (62.32%) patients exposed to sunlight > 2 hours/day, 45 (65.72) patients used hormonal contraception, 2 (2.90%) patients had cysts ovary. The dominant type of melasma was centrofacial in 47 (68.27%) patients with epidermal depth in 47 (68.11%) patients. Umbrella were dominant as photoprotection in 35 (50.09%) 69 (100%) patients used sunscreen. Conclusion: The ratio of melasma in men: women is 1:34 and dominant at age 41-50 years. Risk factors include family history, sun exposure, and contraception. Centrofacial type with epidermal depth, umbrella as photoprotection found to be dominant.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Melasma; Characteristic; Cross sectional.
  topic: keywords
creator: Handelia Phinari
creator: I Gusti Nyoman Darmaputra
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 E-Jurnal Medika Udayana
date: 2025-10-21
publication date: 2025-10-21

ASSOCIATION BETWEEN THE RS2280091 POLYMORPHISM IN THE ADAM33 GENE AND CHILDHOOD ASTHMA
type: item
description: Background:Asthma is a non-communicable disease that remains a global health concern, influenced by both environmental and genetic factors. The disintegrin and metalloproteinase 33 (ADAM33) gene has been identified as a susceptibility gene for asthma. This study aimed to investigate the association between the rs2280091 polymorphism in the ADAM33 gene and the risk of asthma in Indonesian children. Methods:A total of 60 buccal swab samples were collected from children aged 4–18 years, consisting of 13 asthma cases and 47 healthy controls. Genotyping of rs2280091 was performed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. Results:The AA and GG genotypes were more frequent among asthma cases (69.23% and 7.69%, respectively) compared to controls (63.83% and 6.38%). Similarly, the A allele was detected more frequently in asthma cases (80.77%) than in controls (78.72%). However, no significant association was observed between the rs2280091 polymorphism and asthma risk (P = 1.0, OR [95% CI] = 0.8 [0.0779–8.592]). In addition, asthma was more commonly observed in boys (84.62%) than in girls (15.38%). Conclusion:This study did not find a significant association between the rs2280091 polymorphism in the ADAM33 gene and childhood asthma. Further research involving larger sample sizes and additional ADAM33 polymorphisms is warranted to better understand the genetic susceptibility to asthma in children.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Asthma., ADAM33., rs2280091., Genetic Susceptibility., PCR-RFLP
  topic: keywords
creator: Sri Hastuti Andayani
creator: Kinasih Prayuni
creator: Yenni Zulhamidah
creator: Achmad Sofwan
creator: Lilah Muflihah
creator: Ronike Yunus
creator: Ijun Judasah
creator: Junaefi
creator: Kencono Viyati
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-06-09
publication date: 2025-06-09
starting page: 63
ending page: 67

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EXPRESSION CLUSTER OF DIFFERENTIATION 44 (CD44) WITH MITOSIS, GRADE AND BRAIN INVASION IN MENINGIOMA
type: item
description: Meningioma is the most common brain tumor. Most cases are benign with slow growth. WHO grade 2 and 3 meningiomas have a more aggressive behavior and with high recurrence. CD44 is a cell surface glycoprotein that has an important role in proliferation, cellular adhesion, migration, and angiogenesis. This study is a cross sectional study with a sample of 40 cases of meningioma at Prof. Dr. I.G.N.G. Ngoerah Hospital in 2019-2022 consisting of 20 grade 1 cases, 14 grade 2 cases, and 6 grade 3 cases. Clinical and radiological data were obtained from SIMRS. Hematoxylin-Eosin slide re-evaluation was performed to assess mitosis and tumor invasion into the brain. CD44 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Descriptive analysis to determine the frequency of the characteristics of the study subjects and chi square analysis to analyze the relationship between CD44 expression with mitosis, grade, and brain invasion. Significance was determined at p < 0.05. The results obtained were 25 cases (62.5%) aged in the fourth decade, 30 (75%) cases were female, 24 (60%) cases were located in non-convexity, 26 (65%) cases with size <6 cm, 20 (50%) cases grade 1, 7 (17.5%) cases showed brain invasion and 26 (65%) cases had mitosis <4/10 LPB. CD44 expression was weak in 11 (27.5%) cases, moderate expression in 17 (42.5%) cases and strong expression in 12 (30%) cases. In bivariate analysis, there was a significant association between CD44 and mitosis (p = 0.011), grade (p = 0.004), and brain invasion (p = 0.023). In conclusion, there is a significant association between CD44 expression with mitosis, grade, and brain invasion in meningioma.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: meningioma., CD44., mitosis., grade., brain invasion.
  topic: keywords
creator: Cheryl Nini
creator: Ni Putu Sriwidyani
creator: Luh Putu Iin Indrayani Maker
creator: I Made Gotra
creator: Ni Made Mahastuti
creator: I Made Muliarta
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-06-09
publication date: 2025-06-09
starting page: 54
ending page: 62

ASSOCIATION BETWEEN CD4 CELL COUNT AND OCULAR SYPHILIS IN HIV-INFECTED POPULATION: A CROSS-SECTIONAL ANALYSIS
type: item
description: Background: Ocular syphilis (OS) often presents with symptoms similar to other eye diseases and can be an initial indicator of HIV infection. CD4 cell count serves as an important marker of immune status in HIV-positive individuals. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between CD4 cell counts and ocular syphilis manifestations in people living with HIV. Methods: A cross-sectional retrospective review was conducted on medical records of 21 HIV-positive patients diagnosed with OS at the Voluntary Counseling and Testing Clinic of Prof. dr. I.G.N.G. Ngoerah General Hospital between 2018 and 2023. Data collected included demographics, CD4 counts, ocular symptoms, and visual acuity. Results: Among 21 patients, 18 were male (85.7%) and 3 female (14.3%), with a mean age of 35.8 ± 10.7 years. The most common ocular manifestation was bilateral panuveitis. Statistical analysis revealed no significant association between CD4 cell count and ocular manifestations or visual acuity in this population. Conclusion: Although no significant link was found between CD4 counts and ocular syphilis features, the frequent coexistence of HIV and syphilis supports routine HIV testing for all syphilis patients. Early detection and management of co-infection remain critical for improving clinical outcomes.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Ocular syphilis., CD4 cell count., uveitis
  topic: keywords
creator: Saphira Evani
creator: Ida Ayu Ary Pramita
creator: I Gusti Ayu Made Juliari
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-06-09
publication date: 2025-06-09
starting page: 48
ending page: 53

HISTOPATHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PATIENTS WITH BASAL CELL CARCINOMA AT NGOERAH HOSPITAL DERMATOLOGY AND VENEREOLOGY POLYCLINIC: A STUDY FROM JANUARY 2021 TO DECEMBER 2023
type: item
description: Introduction: Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is a carcinoma that originates from the basal cells of the epidermis and/or hair follicles. Epidemiologically, basal cell carcinoma is the most common skin malignancy. Objective: This study aims to determine the incidence and histopathological characteristics of BCC in patients visiting Prof. Dr. IGNG Ngoerah Hospital Dermatology dan Venereology Clinic. Methods: This study used an observational descriptive design with a cross-sectional approach. Data came from secondary data from medical records of basal cell carcinoma patients who sought treatment and control at Prof Dr IGNG Ngoerah Hospital Dermatology dan Venereology Clinic, January 2021-December 2023. The study subjects were taken from the population who met the inclusion criteria, namely patients who had been diagnosed histopathologically and with complete medical record data. Based on the results of collecting and processing patient data, 31 cases were obtained that met the study inclusion criteria. Results: The data shows that the incidence rate of basal cell carcinoma has increased from 2020. Based on gender, more were found in women (70.97%). Based on age, most patients were found to be 60-79 years old (61.29%). The face is the most common location for BCC lesions (93.54%). The most common histopathologic feature is nodular BCC (54.85%). Conclusion: Based on the results of the study, it was found that basal cell carcinoma often occurs in the female population, age group 60-79 years, with the most common type being low- risk nodular BCC in patients visiting Prof. Dr. IGNG Ngoerah Hospital Dermatology dan Venereology Clinic in the period January 2021 to December 2023
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: skin cancer., malignant., basal cell carcinoma
  topic: keywords
creator: Irene Andriani Halim
creator: Ketut Kwartantaya Winaya
creator: Herman Saputra
creator: Harry Gunawan
creator: Nadia Puspa Dewi
creator: Efbri Chauresia Dalitan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-06-09
publication date: 2025-06-09
starting page: 43
ending page: 47

THE EXPRESSION OF VEGF IN VAGINAL TISSUE OF MENOPAUSAL ANIMAL MODELS AFTER TREATED WITH ETHANOL EXTRACT OF PURPLE SWEET POTATO (IPOMEA BATATA L.)
type: item
description: Vaginal atrophy is a common complain in menopausal women as the sexual organ dysfunction. The features of vaginal atrophy including thinning of epithelium and decreasing in collagen fiber in the stroma therewith reduced blood vessels and vascularization by reason of decreased angiogenesis factors stimulation. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a crucial mediator regulated by estrogen in angiogenesis, is involved in this process. Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) has proven effective in alleviating vaginal atrophy symptoms and enhancing vaginal wall vascularization, but it poses potential serious side effects. Phytoestrogens serve as a safer alternative to estrogen, demonstrating the ability to increase VEGF expression in the vaginas of ovariectomized mice and improve vaginal atrophy symptoms. Anthocyanins, a group of flavonoids with known phytoestrogenic activity both in vitro and in vivo, are found in high concentrations in purple sweet potato tubers. Several studies confirmed the phytoestrogenic activity of ethanol extracts from purple sweet potato tubers. Previous research indicates that these extracts increased iepithelial thickness, epithelial maturation index, and the expression of estrogen receptors α and β, whilst maintaining vaginal pH. This pure experimental study followed a Post Test Only Control Group Design, aiming to investigate the effects of ethanol extract from purple sweet potato tubers on VEGF expression in the vaginal tissue of a menopausal animal model. Thirty-eight female Wistar rats, aged 16-18 weeks, subjected to bilateral ovariectomy, were divided into two groups: treatment group (P1) and control group (P0). After 30 days of treatment, the experimental animals were sacrificed, and vaginal tissues were collected for histological preparation and VEGF immunohistochemical staining. The research findings revealed that VEGF expression in the P1 group was 3.59±1.23, while in the P0 group, it was 0.8±0.57. Independent Sample T-test results i…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Anthocyanin.,Vaginal Atrophy., Phytoestrogen., Purple Sweet Potato., VEGF
  topic: keywords
creator: I Wayan Sugiritama
creator: I Gusti Nyoman Sri Wiryawan
creator: Ni Luh Gede Yoni Komalasari
creator: Ida Ayu Ika Wahyuniari
creator: I Gusti Ayu Dewi Ratnayanti
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-06-06
publication date: 2025-06-06
starting page: 38
ending page: 43

RISK OF DEPRESSION AND ANXIETY AMONG FEMALE SEX WORKERS (FSWS) LIVING WITH HIV AND UNDERGOING HIV TREATMENT AT WM MEDIKA CLINIC, KERTI PRAJA FOUNDATION
type: item
description: Background: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) attacks the immune system, and over 39 million people worldwide are currently living with HIV. Female Sex Workers (FSWs) are a key population highly vulnerable not only to HIV infection but also to psychosocial stressors stemming from their occupation and health status. These factors increase the risk of depressive and anxiety disorders. This study aims to identify the risks of depression and anxiety disorders and to describe the demographic and social characteristics of FSWs living with HIV. Methods: This study employed a descriptive cross-sectional design involving 50 respondents selected through consecutive sampling. Inclusion criteria included FSWs living with HIV, aged ≥18 years, and diagnosed with HIV for at least six months. Depression risk was assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), and anxiety risk was measured with the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7) scale. Sociodemographic characteristics were collected via questionnaire and analyzed using univariate and bivariate methods. Results: A total of 92% of respondents were at high risk of clinical depression, and 50% experienced moderate to severe anxiety. The highest risks were found among those aged 18–24 years, divorced, with higher education, working as FSWs for less than five years, and having histories of violence, social stigma, and low social support. Conclusions: FSWs living with HIV are highly vulnerable to psychological disorders. Comprehensive psychosocial interventions are needed to improve their mental health outcomes.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: HIV., Female Sex Workers., Depressive Disorder., Anxiety Disorder
  topic: keywords
creator: Dewa Putu Adiatma Pradnyana
creator: Ni Luh Putu Ariastuti
creator: Komang Ayu Kartika Sari
creator: I Made Dwi Ariawan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-06-06
publication date: 2025-06-06
starting page: 28
ending page: 37

THE KNOWLEDGE LEVEL OF DOCTORS AND INPATIENTS REGARDING PATIENT’ RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS IN DENPASAR CITY
type: item
description: The relationship between doctors and patients in healthcare services was contractual, creating rights and obligations for both parties. A good understanding of patients' rights and obligations enhanced the quality of healthcare services, fostered a more harmonious doctor-patient relationship, and facilitated better medical decision-making. Therefore, it was essential to assess the level of knowledge among doctors and inpatients regarding patients' rights and obligations in Denpasar City. This study aimed to determine the level of knowledge of doctors and inpatients regarding patients' rights and obligations in Denpasar City. It employed a descriptive observational design with a cross-sectional approach. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to 200 doctors and 200 inpatients in Denpasar City. The study findings indicated that most doctors had a very good level of knowledge regarding patients' rights (88.5%) and obligations (77.5%). Meanwhile, patients' knowledge of their rights was categorized as very good (55%) and good (37.5%), whereas their knowledge of their obligations was also classified as very good (53.5%) and good (40%). The level of knowledge of doctors and inpatients in Denpasar City regarding patients' rights and obligations fell within the good to very good category.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Doctor-patient relationship., healthcare quality., knowledge assessment.
  topic: keywords
creator: Queen Fathiha Yusran
creator: Dudut Rustyadi
creator: Henky
creator: Ida Bagus Putu Alit
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-06-05
publication date: 2025-06-05
starting page: 16
ending page: 27

EVALUATION OF CARDIAC AUTONOMIC CONTROL DURING SIX-MINUTE WALK TEST IN OBESE AMONG MEDICAL FACULTY STUDENTS OF UDAYANA UNIVERSITY
type: item
description: Increased body mass index (BMI) has been associated with various chronic diseases and tends to increase from adolescence to young adulthood, potentially contributing to the development of cardiovascular disease later in life. However, studies directly linking BMI and cardiovascular risk factors, particularly in adolescents and young adults, are limited. Early intervention is crucial to prevent serious consequences such as death from obesity. Functional capacity, which can be assessed through the Six Minute Walk Test (6MWT), is an important indicator in assessing the physical limitations of obese patients and guiding appropriate interventions. In this study, measurements were carefully taken in 75 participants (35 men and 40 women), with close monitoring of conditions before and after the 6MWT. One of the main focuses was Heart Rate Variability (HRV), which reflects the autonomic control of the heart. Results showed a significant relationship between BMI and HRV, where the higher the BMI, the lower the HRV (p=0.000), signaling the importance of early weight control to prevent cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: obesity., autonomic heart control., 6MWT
  topic: keywords
creator: Putu Primeriana Nugiaswari
creator: Ni Made Dharma Laksmi
creator: Ayu Putu Hariana Ferdiyanthi
creator: Kristianto Yusi Adiputra
creator: Gusti Ngurah Prana Jagannatha
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-06-04
publication date: 2025-06-04
starting page: 9
ending page: 15

SELF-REPORTED HALITOSIS AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG THE ELDERLY
type: item
description: Background. Halitosis is a common complaint in society. Studies report that about 30% to 50% of the population has experienced halitosis problems. Halitosis is a disturbing problem for many people around the world that affects people's social interactions in everyday life by causing personal discomfort and emotional stress. Caries, periodontal disease, and xerostomia, which are factors associated with halitosis, are common diseases found in the elderly. This study aims to analysis of self-reported halitosis and associated factors among the elderly. Methods. This research is a quanitative research. The type of data used is primary data obtained from the results of filling out questionnaires on the elderly and halitosis examinations using organoleptic methods on 35 subjects. The collected data was then analyzed using the t-test and chi-square. Results. The results showed that Halitosis with moderate to very strong odor is experienced by 91.5% of elderly. Factors related to halitosis are still many root remains, cavities, plaque disease, calculus, gingivitis, disease, hyposalivation periodontal tissue, coated tongue. There is no significant relationship between gender, calculus, periodontal disease, hyposalivation, and coated tongue with the degree of halitosis. Conclusion. It can be concluded that the personal perception of the elderly regarding the halitosis they experience is still low, even though they suffer from halitosis moderate to very strong odor.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Self-reported., Halitosis., Elderly., Factors related
  topic: keywords
creator: Munifah Abdat
creator: Poppy Andriany
creator: Cut Fera Novita
creator: Herwanda
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-06-04
publication date: 2025-06-04
starting page: 1
ending page: 8

DESCRIBE ANTENATAL CARE COMPLIANCE TO IMPROVE SERVICE QUALITY FOR PREGNANT WOMEN IN NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR
type: item
description: Compliance with antenatal care (ANC) visits for pregnant women is influenced by the quality of services. The level of compliance with antenatal care visits in Nusa Tenggara Timur Province (NTT) still varies. Therefore, this study is aimed at finding out the overview of the level of ANC compliance in pregnant women in NTT. A cross-sectional study was conducted using secondary data from the 2017 Indonesia Health Demographic Survey (IHDS). A total of 790 women of childbearing age (WCA) who had been pregnant and gave birth within five years before the survey in NTT were selected by the stratified sampling method. The extracted data were data on ANC service utilization, age, education, area of residence, parity, employment status, marital status, pregnancy status, health insurance ownership, wealth quintile, ownership of means of transportation, husband support, media exposure knowledge, and pregnancy complications. ANC utilization is measured based on adherence to ANC visits at least 4 times during pregnancy. The research data was analyzed univariate and bivariate. The proportion of antenatal care compliance during pregnancy by WUS was 74.7%. As many as 84% of WUS performed ANC in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters, the least received type of laboratory examination was 53.8%. Women of childbearing who adhered to implementing ANC during pregnancy were found in pregnant women with a higher education level (80.2%), parity of 2-3 children (81.1%), and the support of their husbands (78.7%). This study provides an overview of the importance of maintaining the quality of ANC services to increase the coverage of ANC visits for pregnant women. It is therefore recommended to provide information about the importance of ANC visits and to carry out essential laboratory examinations for pregnant women.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Antenatal care., pregnancy., women of childbearing.
  topic: keywords
creator: Ni Made Erny Widya Yanti
creator: Luh Seri Ani
creator: Dinar Saurmauli Lubis
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-07-16
publication date: 2025-07-16
starting page: 27
ending page: 33

CORRELATION BETWEEN NT-PROBNP LEVELS AND RIGHT VENTRICULAR FUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH PULMONARY ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION
type: item
description: Maladaptive pulmonary arterial hypertension (HAP) can cause changes in function in the right ventricle (VKa) due to failure to compensate for the increase in afterload over a long period of time. Functional changes in VKa can be assessed using echocardiography parameters and also biomarkers, one of which is NT-proBNP. This study aims to determine the echocardiography parameters that correlate with the NT-proBNP levels of HAP patients so that they can assess VKa function in HAP patients and become an alternative to cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) examination as the gold standard that assesses VKa function. This study is a cross-sectional analytical research with a sample of 30 patients diagnosed with HAP. The data obtained was then analyzed using the Spearman test. The results of this study showed a moderate positive correlation between echocardiography parameters and NT-proBNP levels whose values were RVEF (r=0.372 and p=0.043), TAPSE (r=0.371 and p=0.044), FAC (r=0.377 and p=0.040) and S' (r=0.370 and p=0.044), respectively. The conclusion of this study is that echocardiography examination with RVEF, TAPSE, FAC, and S' parameters has a moderate correlation relationship with NT-proBNP levels so that these 4 parameters can be used as alternative CMR in assessing VKa function.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: echocardiography., biomarkers., cardiovascular., diagnostic techniques., cardiac function test., natriuretic peptides
  topic: keywords
creator: Nadira Mayen Yulika
creator: Mefri Yanni
creator: Adrial
creator: Eka Fithra Elfi
creator: Mutia Lailani
creator: Biomechy Oktomalio Putri
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-07-09
publication date: 2025-07-09
starting page: 20
ending page: 25

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF KETAPANG LEAF (Terminalia Catappa L.) INFUSION AS A DENTURE CLEANSER FOR HEAT-CURED ACRYLIC RESIN DENTURES IN INHIBITING CANDIDA ALBICANS GROWTH
type: item
description: Tooth loss can be managed using removable dentures. However, heat-cured acrylic resin, a material commonly used for denture bases, has a porous structure that promotes the growth of Candida albicans. One method of maintenance involves soaking dentures in a cleansing solution to inhibit fungal growth. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of ketapang leaf infusion (Terminalia catappa L.) as a denture cleanser in inhibiting Candida albicans growth. This was a true experimental post-test-only control group design involving 30 heat-cured acrylic resin specimens contaminated with Candida albicans. The specimens were divided into five groups: a positive control group (0.5% sodium hypochlorite), a negative control group (sterile distilled water), and three experimental groups treated with ketapang leaf infusion at concentrations of 30%, 60%, and 90%. Each specimen was soaked in the respective solution for 15 minutes and subsequently cultured to determine fungal colony counts. Statistical analysis showed a significant difference between the infusion groups and the negative control group (p < 0.05). The 30% concentration group had the lowest fungal count, whereas the 90% concentration group had the highest. It can be concluded that ketapang (Terminalia catappa L.) leaf infusion is effective in inhibiting Candida albicans growth on heat-cured acrylic resin, with 30% being the most effective concentration.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Candida albicans., Terminalia catappa., acrylic resin., denture cleanser
  topic: keywords
creator: Ivan Soendoro
creator: I Gusti Ayu Kade Ira Purbasari
creator: Gede Indra Sucipta Maker
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-07-09
publication date: 2025-07-09
starting page: 17
ending page: 19

EFFECTS OF ETHANOL EXTRACT OF PADANG TARO LEAVES (COLOCASIA GIGANTEA) ON THE WEIGHT AND MUSCLE THICKNESS OF MALNOURISHED MODEL MICE
type: item
description: Malnutrition can cause impaired growth and muscle mass. Talas Padang (Colocasia gigantea) is one of the sources of natural ingredients with nutritional content. This study aims to analyze the effect of various doses of administration ethanol leaf extract of Talas Padang (ELETP) on the weight and thickness of skeletal muscle (soleus) in malnourished rat. Pure experimental research with Post-test Only Control Group design using 25 malnourished rat (Wistar strain). ELETP is obtained macerated using 96% ethanol. Treatment in 5 groups (n=5), K1: normal 56-day diet; K2: low-protein diet (LPD) 14 days + normal 42-day diet; K3, K4 and K5: 14-day LPD + normal diet and ELETP doses of 100, 200, 400/kgBB for 42 days. The soleus muscle is obtained by dissection in the posterior aspect of the mouse leg to measure weight and thickness. Muscle weight data were analyzed using Anova's one-way test and muscle thickness using the Wallis Kruskal test. The results showed average (gr) of muscle weight K3 (0.246 ± 0.087) > K5 (0.236 ± 0.098) > K4 (0.215 ± 0.092) > K1 (0.188 ± 0.060) > K2 (0.127 ± 0.025) and muscle thickness (mm) K4 (1 (1-1) ) > K1, K3, K5 (1 (0,00-1) ) > K2 (0,00 (0,00-1) ). This study conclude that ELETP doses of 100mg/kgBB produce the largest muscle weight, while the largest muscle thickness is found at a dose of 200mg/kgBB.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Colocasia gigantea, Malnutrition, Talas Padang.
  topic: keywords
creator: Adlina Karimina Nurul Husna
creator: Tri Widyawati
creator: Dwi Rita Anggraini
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-07-09
publication date: 2025-07-09
starting page: 12
ending page: 16

THE CHARACTERISTICS OF PATIENTS WITH VASCULITIS AT NGOERAH HOSPITAL DURING THE 2020-2024 PERIOD
type: item
description: Introduction: Vasculitis is an uncommon condition defined by inflammation of the blood vessels, which can lead to ischemia and subsequent organ damage. Although it affects individuals across all age groups, the precise clinical progression of vasculitis remains inadequately characterized. Objective: This study aims to examine the clinical characteristics of patients diagnosed with vasculitis who attended the Dermatology and Venereology Outpatient Clinic at Ngoerah Hospital between January 2020 and January 2024. The findings are expected to facilitate the identification of patient profiles, providing a valuable reference for prevention and management strategies. Methods: This is a retrospective, descriptive study which utilized secondary data from medical records and employed a total sampling method. The variables considered included age, gender, classification, medical history, risk factors, supporting examinations and management strategies. Results: A total of 27 patients diagnosed with vasculitis were identified. Of these, 23 (85.19%) were female, with the 18-25-year age group being the most prevalent (40.74%). Urticarial vasculitis was the most commonly observed classification, occurring in 6 cases (22.22%). Regarding risk factors, 13 patients (48.15%) did not exhibit any known associated risk factors, while 6 patients (22.22%) had risk factors related to other conditions. In terms of medical history, 12 patients (44.44%) reported no significant prior conditions. All cases (100%) were confirmed using multiple supporting examinations and 9 patients (33.33%) received combination therapy with both oral and topical corticosteroids.. Conclusions: This study provides important data on the characteristics of vasculitis patients, establishing a foundation for developing effective prevention and therapeutic strategies.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: THE CHARACTERISTICS OF PATIENTS WITH VASCULITIS AT NGOERAH HOSPITAL DURING THE 2020-2024 PERIOD
  topic: keywords
creator: Gusti Ayu Dea Dwi Apriza Dharmayani
creator: Indira Dharmasamitha
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 E-Jurnal Medika Udayana
date: 2025-11-04
publication date: 2025-11-04
starting page: 1
ending page: 6