KARAKTERISTIK TATALAKSANA PASIEN RETINOPATI DIABETIK DI RSUP PROF. Dr. I.G.N.G. NGOERAH TAHUN 2023

Abstrak

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease with a steadily increasing incidence worldwide, including in Indonesia. One of its major complications is diabetic retinopathy, which is a leading cause of blindness among older adults. Suboptimal glycemic control, limited access to health services, and inadequate early detection lead many patients to present at advanced stages with a high risk of blindness. Objective: This study aimed to describe the clinical characteristics and management of patients with diabetic retinopathy at Prof. Dr. I.G.N.G. Ngoerah General Hospital. Methodes: This research was a descriptive observational study with a cross‑sectional, retrospective design, using secondary data from medical records to document the characteristics of patients with diabetic retinopathy and their management at Prof. Dr. I.G.N.G. Ngoerah General Hospital. Results: Of a total of 59 patients and 118 eyes included, most were younger than 60 years (43 patients; 72.9%), and 32 patients (54.2%) were female. Regarding comorbidities, hypertension was the most common, found in 42 patients (71.2%). A duration of diabetes of 5–10 years was recorded in 25 patients (42.4%), and 45 patients (76.3%) had HbA1c levels ≥6.5%. Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) was identified in 86 eyes. Single‑modality therapy such as observation and laser remained the predominant initial treatment, with only a small number undergoing vitrectomy alone. Multimodal therapy was frequently required because many patients presented with severe complications. In total, 49 eyes received multimodal treatment to achieve better visual outcomes. Conclusion: In conclusion, the majority of patients with diabetic retinopathy in this study required multimodal management due to poor glycemic control, which resulted in presentation at advanced stages and a high risk of permanent blindness.
Keywords : Diabetes mellitus, diabetic retinopathy, management, complications.