Characteristics of Melasma Patients in Dermatology and Venereology Polyclinic Ngoerah Hospital Denpasar Bali From 2020 to 2022

Abstrak

Background: Melasma is a common hypermelanosis condition caused by sun exposure. Melasma causes lack of self-confidence which affects quality of life. This research is to determine the prevalence and characteristics of melasma patients at Dermatology and Venereology Polyclinic, Ngoerah Hospital, Denpasar, Bali. Method: Research method using cross sectional descriptive observational study at Dermatology and Venereology Polyclinic and Medical Records Installation in February until May 2024. Result: Total of 69 (6.56%) new patients diagnosed with melasma, 67 (97.10%) female patients and 2 (2.90%) male patients and predominantly aged 41-50 years in 40 (57.97%) patients. Total of 50 (72.25%) patients had family history of melasma, 43 (62.32%) patients exposed to sunlight > 2 hours/day, 45 (65.72) patients used hormonal contraception, 2 (2.90%) patients had cysts ovary. The dominant type of melasma was centrofacial in 47 (68.27%) patients with epidermal depth in 47 (68.11%) patients. Umbrella were dominant as photoprotection in 35 (50.09%) 69 (100%) patients used sunscreen. Conclusion: The ratio of melasma in men: women is 1:34 and dominant at age 41-50 years. Risk factors include family history, sun exposure, and contraception. Centrofacial type with epidermal depth, umbrella as photoprotection found to be dominant.