Between Protection and Commodification: Geographical Indication, Intellectual Property Paradox, and Cultural Preservation of Batik Tulis Lasem

Abstract

Batik Tulis Lasem is a textile tradition shaped by centuries of interaction between Javanese and Chinese cultures, as evidenced by its distinctive motifs, colours, and production techniques. As a Geographical Indication (GI), the recent designation of Batik Tulis Lasem situates this heritage within a formal legal framework that aims to protect authenticity and enhance economic value. This study analyses the practical operation of GI protection and critically assesses mechanisms intended to preserve tradition that may also drive commodification. Employing a normative juridical approach, the research integrates statutory, conceptual, and comparative analyses, with particular reference to regulatory experiences in India, Korea, and Malaysia. The findings indicate that GI status enhances reputation, consumer trust, and market access, but also formalises boundaries regarding legitimate production and marketing of Batik Tulis Lasem. In the absence of effective governance, supervision, and community participation, such exclusivity may lead to disputes, imitation, and pressures toward mass production. The long-term sustainability of Batik Tulis Lasem thus relies on balancing legal protection, cultural continuity, and adaptive innovation.