ANALISIS KEABSAHAN KLAUSUL EKSONERASI DALAM TERM OF SERVICE PLATFORM ONLINE DITINJAU DARI HUKUM PERLINDUNGAN KONSUMEN

Abstrak

Kajian ini disusun guna menganalisa pengaturan hukum serta keabsahan klausul eksonerasi yang kerap termuat dalam substansi maupun isi pada perjanjian elektronik, yaitu Term of Service (ToS) platform online berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen (UUPK). Dalam kajian ini dipergunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif disertai pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan serta pendekatan konseptual. Berdasarkan hasil analisa, klausul eksonerasi dalam Term of Service dinilai merupakan klausula yang digolongkan sebagai klausula baku terlarang berdasarkan Pasal 18 UUPK karena mengalihkan kewajiban pertanggungjawaban pelaku usaha kepada konsumen, sehingga dapat dinyatakan batal demi hukum. Klausul tersebut juga tidak memenuhi asas keadilan serta keseimbangan yang merupakan fondasi dari perlindungan konsumen. Dengan demikian, perlindungan hukum terhadap konsumen tetap harus dijamin melalui penerapan asas keadilan, tanggung jawab, dan kepastian hukum, di mana penyedia usaha digital wajib menanggung kerugian yang timbul akibat kelalaian sistem elektroniknya sesuai ketentuan UUPK dan UU ITE

Kata Kunci: Klausul Eksonerasi, Term of Service, Perlindungan Konsumen, Perjanjian Elektronik, Tanggung Jawab Pelaku Usaha

ABSTRACT

This study was conducted to analyze the legal provisions and validity of exoneration clauses that are commonly found in the substance and content of electronic agreements, namely the Terms of Service (ToS) of online platforms based on Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection (UUPK). This study uses a normative legal research method accompanied by a regulatory approach and a conceptual approach. According to the results of the analysis, the exonerating clause in the Terms of Service is considered a prohibited standard clause based on Article 18 of the UUPK because it transfers the business operator's liability to consumers, thereby rendering it null and void. The clause also does not meet the principles of fairness and balance, which are the foundations of consumer protection. Thus, legal protection for consumers must still be guaranteed through the application of the principles of fairness, responsibility, and legal certainty, whereby digital business providers are obliged to bear the losses arising from the negligence of their electronic systems in accordance with the provisions of the UUPK and the ITE Law.

Key Words: Exoneration Clause, Terms of Service, Consumer Protection, Electronic Agreement, Business Liability.