BATASAN ASAS DOMINUS LITIS JAKSA DIKAITKAN DENGAN ASAS DIFERENSIASI FUNGSIONAL DALAM SISTEM PERADILAN PIDANA INDONESIA

Abstract

Dalam sistem peradilan pidana di Indonesia saat ini, asas dominus litis menempatkan Jaksa sebagai pengendali utama proses penuntutan, namun kewenangan ini sering kali bersinggungan dengan asas diferensiasi fungsional yang menuntut pembagian peran yang tegas antara Penyidik, penuntut umum, dan Hakim, sehingga penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji secara khusus bagaimana kewenangan yuridis Jaksa dalam menerapkan asas dominus litis, serta bagaimana batas kewenangan tersebut ketika dikaitkan dengan prinsip diferensiasi fungsional dalam sistem hukum acara pidana di Indonesia saat ini. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif melalui pendekatan perundang-undangan dan konseptual  serta analisis terhadap bahan hukum primer dan sekunder. Hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa meskipun dominus litis diakui dalam praktik dan diperkuat melalui undang-undang serta kebijakan internal Kejaksaan, belum terdapat pengaturan yuridis yang tegas mengenai batasan fungsionalnya terhadap institusi lain dalam KUHAP saat ini, yang pada akhirnya menimbulkan tumpang tindih kewenangan, ketegangan antar lembaga penegak hukum, dan berpotensi melemahkan prinsip checks and balances, serta menimbulkan conflict of interest, sehingga diperlukan pembaruan hukum melalui revisi KUHAP atau peraturan antar lembaga guna menciptakan koordinasi horizontal yang akuntabel dan menjamin efektivitas sistem peradilan pidana yang adil.

Kata Kunci : Pengendali Perkara. Diferensiasi Fungsional, Sistem Peradilan Pidana.

ABSTRACT

In the current criminal justice system in Indonesia, the dominus litis principle places the prosecutor as the main controller of the prosecution process, but this authority often intersects with the principle of functional differentiation which demands a clear division of roles between investigators, prosecutors and judges, so this research aims to specifically examine how the juridical authority of the prosecutor in applying the dominus litis principle, as well as how the limits of this authority when associated with the principle of functional differentiation in the current criminal procedure law system in Indonesia. This research uses normative legal research methods through statutory and conceptual approaches and analysis of primary and secondary legal materials. The results of the study found that although dominus litis is recognized in practice and strengthened through laws and internal policies of the prosecutor's office, there is no firm juridical regulation regarding its functional limits to other institutions in the current KUHAP, which ultimately leads to overlapping authority, tensions between law enforcement agencies, and has the potential to weaken the principle of checks and balances, as well as causing conflicts of interest, so that legal reform is needed through revision of the KUHAP or inter-agency regulations to create accountable horizontal coordination and ensure the effectiveness of a fair criminal justice system.

Key Words: Dominus litis. Functional Differentiation, Criminal Justice System.