CHARACTERISTICS OF IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY EXAMINATION OF BREAST CANCER IN MANGUSADA HOSPITAL PERIOD 2022-2024

Abstrak

ABSTRACT

Background: Breast cancer ranks first in the number of cancer cases as well as being the largest cause of cancer deaths in the world each year. In Indonesia, breast cancer is an urgent public health issue, yet it is clear that the burden of breast disease in Indonesia is considerable, influenced by several factors such as socioeconomic disparities, cultural beliefs, and limited access to healthcare, especially in Bali which is a popular tourist destination, which faces unique challenges in terms of breast health due to the large number of visitors and the potential for delayed diagnosis or inadequate follow-up. Immunohistochemical profiling examination has been widely used as a basis in classifying breast cancer molecularly. Therefore, a comprehensive analysis of the geographical distribution of breast cancer cases as well as immunohistochemical profiling is essential for further prevention and treatment, especially in Bali.

Methods: This retrospective study aimed to analyze the distribution of breast cancer from 2022 to 2024. Data was extracted from the hospital's medical record based on age, breast cancer diagnosis as well as immunohistochemistry results during the specified period. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 26.0 software.

Results: This study identified 182 samples, of which the most common age range was >50 years, 111 cases (60.98%) with the most common diagnosis being Invasive Carcinoma of no special type, 149 cases (81.86%). Most of the cases were grade II, namely 108 (59.34%). Based on subtypes, luminal B and HER-2 positive/ HER-2 Enriched were the dominant subtypes with 82 cases (45.05%) and 38 cases (20.87%) respectively, followed by triple negative/basal-like with 32 cases (17.58%) and luminal A with 28 cases (15.38%).

Conclusion: This study showed a wide variety of samples based on age, diagnosis, grade and immunohistochemical profile of breast cancer patients. Age showed a significant association between age and breast cancer prevalence and a variety of histologic types of breast cancer, with Invasive carcinoma of no special type being the most common subtype and grade II is the most common. By subtype, luminal B was the predominant case.

Keywords: breast cancer, immunohistochemical examination, Bali

ABSTRAK

Latar Belakang: Kanker payudara menempati urutan pertama jumlah kasus kanker sekaligus menjadi penyebab kematian terbesar akibat kanker di dunia setiap tahunnya. Di Indonesia, kanker payudara merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang mendesak, dipengaruhi beberapa faktor seperti kesenjangan sosial ekonomi, kepercayaan budaya, dan akses kesehatan yang terbatas, terutama di Bali yang merupakan tujuan wisata populer, yang menghadapi tantangan unik dalam hal kesehatan payudara karena banyaknya pengunjung dan potensi keterlambatan diagnosis atau tindak lanjut yang tidak memadai. Pemeriksaan profil imunohistokimia telah digunakan secara luas sebagai dasar dalam mengklasifikasikan kanker payudara secara molekuler. Oleh karena itu, analisis komprehensif tentang distribusi geografis kasus kanker payudara serta profil imunohistokimia sangat penting untuk pencegahan dan pengobatan lebih lanjut, terutama di Bali.

Metode : Studi retrospektif ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis distribusi kanker payudara dari tahun 2022 hingga 2024. Data diambil dari rekam medis rumah sakit berdasarkan usia, diagnosis, serta hasil imunohistokimia selama periode yang ditentukan. Analisis statistik dilakukan dengan menggunakan perangkat lunak SPSS 26.0.

Hasil: Studi ini mengidentifikasi 182 sampel, di mana rentang usia paling banyak >50 tahun sebanyak 111 kasus (60,98%) dengan diagnosis paling umum adalah Invasive Carcinoma of no special type yaitu sebanyak 149 kasus (81.86%). Sebagian besar kasus adalah grade II yaitu sebanyak 108 (59,34%). Berdasarkan subtipenya luminal B dan HER-2 positif/ HER-2 Enriched merupakan subtipe dominan dengan masing-masing 82 kasus (45,05%) dan 38 kasus (20,87%), diikuti dengan triple negative/basal-like sebanyak 32 kasus  (17,58%) dan luminal A sebanyak 28 kasus (15,38%).

Kesimpulan: Studi ini menunjukkan berbagai variasi sampel berdasarkan usia, diagnosis, grade dan profil imunohistokimia pasien kanker payudara. Berdasarkan usia menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan antara usia dan prevalensi kanker payudara serta beragam jenis histologis kanker payudara, dengan Invasive carcinoma of no special type yang merupakan subtipe yang paling umum dan grade II paling banyak ditemukan. Berdasarkan subtipe, luminal B merupakan kasus dominan.

Kata kunci: kanker payudara, pemeriksaan imunohistokimia, Bali