PENGARUH PEMBERIAN EKSTRAK AIR DAUN SIRIH (Piper betle L.) MELALUI AIR MINUM TERHADAP POTONGAN KOMERSIAL KARKAS BROILER

Abstract

The prohibition of using antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) has encouraged the poulty
farmers to seek for natural alternative feed additives. Betel leaf (Piper betle L.) is an herbal
plant that can be used as a feed additive because it contains essential oils composed of
betephenol, sesquiterpenes, starch, diastase, sugars, and chavicol. This study aimed to
determine the effect of administering betel leaf water extract through drinking water on the
commercial carcass cuts of broilers. The study material consisted of 80 unisexd one-day-old
broiler chicks (DOC), arranged in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four
treatments and five replications. The four treatments were different levels of betel leaf water
extract in drinking water: 0%, 2%, 4%, and 6%, corresponding to treatments P0, P1, P2, and
P3, respectively, and each experimental unit consisted of four broilers with a body weight of
49.53g±2.47. The observed variables included the percentage of back, breast, wings, upper and
lower thigh. The results of the study showed that the administration of betel leaf water extract
through the drinking water of broilers significantly decreased (P<0.05) the percentage of breast
meat and had no significant effect (P>0.05) on the percentages of back, wings, thighs, and
drumsticks compared with the control treatment (P0). Based on the findings, it can be
concluded that the supplementation of betel leaf water extract (Piper betle L.) at levels of 2%,
4%, and 6% through drinking water as a feed additive significantly reduced the percentage of
breast meat and was not able to increase the percentages of back, wings, thighs, and drumsticks
in 35 day old broilers. Based on these results, the administration of 2% betel leaf water extract
through drinking water is recommended, as it tended to improve the percentages of thighs and
drumsticks in 35 day old broilers.

ABSTRAK

Adanya pelarangan penggunaan AGP mendorong pelaku peternak ayam untuk mencari
alternatif feed additive alami. Daun sirih (Piper betle L.) merupakan tanaman herbal yang dapat
digunakan sebagai feed additive karena mengandung minyak atsiri yang tersusun dari senyawa
kimia betephenol, seskuiterpen, pati, diatase, gula dan kavikol. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk
mengetahui pengaruh pemberian ekstrak air daun sirih melalui air minum terhadap potongan
komersial karkas broiler. Materi penelitian berupa 80 ekor broiler unisex umur satu hari (DOC)
dengan penggunaan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari 4 perlakuan dan 5
ulangan. Keempat perlakuan tersebut adalah level ektrak air daun sirih melalui air minum yaitu
0%, 2%, 4% dan 6% masing masing untuk perlakuan P0, P1, P2 dan P3 dan setiap unit
percobaan diisi 4 ekor broiler dengan bobot badan 49,53g 2,47. Variabel yang diamati
meliputi persentase punggung, persentase dada, persentase sayap, persentase paha atas dan
persentase paha bawah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian ektrak air daun sirih
dalam air minum broiler nyata mengalami penurunan (P<0,05) terhadap persentase dada broiler
dan tidak berbeda nyata (P>0,05) pada persentase punggung, persentase sayap, persentase paha
atas dan persentase paha bawah dibandingkan dengan perlakuan P0. Berdasarkan hasil
penelitian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemberian ekstrak air daun sirih (Piper betle L.) pada
level 2%, 4% dan 6% melalui air minum sebagai feed additive nyata menurunkan persentase
dada serta belum mampu meningkatkan persentase potongan punggung, sayap, paha atas dan
paha bawah broiler umur 35 hari. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini disarankan pemberian
ekstrak air daun sirih level 2% melalui air minum dikarenakan cenderung memperbaiki
persentase bagian paha atas dan paha bawah broiler umur 35 hari.