Efektivitas dan Keamanan Deksmedetomidine Nebulisasi Dibandingkan Rute Intravena sebagai Premedikasi Anestesi: Tinjauan Naratif
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24843/93296c76Keywords:
Bradikardia, Dexmedetomidine, Hipotensi, Laringoskopi, Nebulisasi, Respon HemodinamikAbstract
Laringoskopi dan intubasi trakea merupakan prosedur rutin anestesi yang sering memicu respons hemodinamik berupa peningkatan tekanan darah dan denyut jantung, yang dapat berisiko pada pasien dengan komorbiditas kardiovaskular atau serebrovaskular. Deksmedetomidine, agonis reseptor α2 adrenergik selektif, terbukti efektif dalam menekan respon tersebut melalui efek simpatolitik dan sedatif. Namun, pemberian intravena sering menyebabkan efek samping berupa hipotensi dan bradikardia. Tinjauan naratif ini bertujuan membandingkan efektivitas dan profil keamanan deksmedetomidine nebulisasi dengan rute intravena sebagai agen premedikasi untuk mengontrol respon hemodinamik selama laringoskopi dan intubasi. Berdasarkan hasil sintesis, deksmedetomidine nebulisasi mampu menurunkan lonjakan tekanan darah dan denyut jantung secara efektif dengan insidensi hipotensi dan bradikardi yang lebih rendah dibandingkan pemberian intravena, serta mengurangi kebutuhan obat induksi anestesi tanpa menimbulkan komplikasi serius. Dengan demikian, deksmedetomidine nebulisasi berpotensi menjadi alternatif premedikasi yang efektif dan lebih aman untuk stabilisasi hemodinamik selama anestesi, meskipun masih diperlukan uji klinis multisenter berskala besar untuk memperkuat bukti dan menentukan dosis optimal.
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