The Role of Notaries in Preventing Nominee Arrangements: Legal Certainty and Productive Land Conversion
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24843/KP.2026.v48.i02.p06Keywords:
Beneficial ownership, Legal certainty, Nominee arrangements, Notary, Productive land conversionAbstract
Nominee arrangements have become a prevalent mechanism for circumventing restrictions on foreign ownership of land under Indonesian agrarian law, particularly in regions experiencing intensive tourism and investment development. Beyond raising questions concerning the legality of land ownership, such arrangements contribute to productive land conversion and create challenges for legal certainty and land governance. This study examines the legal construction of nominee arrangements under Bali Regional Regulation Number 4 of 2026 concerning the Control of Productive Land Conversion and the Prohibition of Nominee-Based Land Ownership Transfer, as well as the role of notaries in preventing such practices. Employing normative legal research, this study applies statutory and conceptual approaches through the analysis of legislation, legal doctrines, and relevant scholarly literature. The findings demonstrate that nominee arrangements constitute a form of legal circumvention that conflicts with the nationality principle under the Basic Agrarian Law and the lawful cause requirement under the Indonesian Civil Code. Bali Regional Regulation 4/2026 provides a legal framework for prohibiting nominee arrangements and addressing their impact on productive land conversion, yet it leaves unresolved normative issues concerning parties acting as intermediaries, facilitators, or providers of means. Notaries therefore play a strategic preventive role through the preparation of authentic deeds, implementation of prudential principles, identification of beneficial owners, and application of the Principle of Recognizing Service Users. Regulatory harmonization is required to strengthen legal certainty and improve the effectiveness of preventing nominee-based land control and productive land conversion.
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